Ashtanga - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Eight parts

They consist of:

yama (moral code)
Niyama (car-purification and study)
âsana (posture)
Prânâyâma (control of breathing)
Pratyâhâra (control of the directions)
Dhârana (concentration)
Dhyâna (meditation)
Samâdhi (contemplation)

History

The system of ashtânga Yoga was written by wise names Vamana Rishi in a manuscript called Yoga Korunta. This manuscript was transmitted to Sri Krishnamacharia by the guru Rama Mohan Brahmachari. This text been used a long time as reference to Sri Krishnamacharia to give again all its noble letters with yoga. It was then transmitted has Sri K. Pathabi Jois at the time of its studies with Sri Krishnamacharia. The teaching exempted by B.K.S. Iyengar and Pattabin Jois fits in a traditional transmission chain initiated by their Master Sri Krishnamacharya in the years 1930 in Mysore, when they were all two young men. Particularly their styles remain about it deeply marked in what they reflect a dynamic form of yoga appropriate to young constitutions and centered on the postural practice Asana. In this line, Sri K. Pathabi Jois currently continues to teach the ashtanga Yoga has Mysore in India. It propagates also the ashtânga throughout the world and allowed the rise of this discipline in occident. With its dynamics the ashtanga is often seen like a gymnastics and gave rise to Western derivatives such as the power Yoga. The ashtânga is remainder nevertheless a pure form of Yoga and a true teaching could be satisfied only with the physical exercise contained in the asanas (postures).

Principles

As considering higher, the ashtânga Yoga comprises 8 ways. They must be followed in a precise order and allow after being completely controlled, to reach the ultimate goal of the Yoga which is the unification of the body and the spirit and thus the state of bliss. The two pre-necessary ones with a serious study of the ashtanga are Yama (moral code) and Niyama (car purification and study). However, it is very difficult to practice them when the body is impure and it is necessary to practice the asanas regularly to strengthen and purify the body. To control its body to control its spirit is a fundamental concept of the Yoga. The following explanations relate to the practice of the asanas which will be able to then allow a more advanced study of the philosophy of the ashtanga Yoga.

The teaching of the âsanas starts with the primary series, then this one controlled, is followed secondary. Then one can begin the advanced series which are 4 (of has D). Being gives the difficulty and necessary work to control a series, the majority of the followers of the ashtanga are satisfied with the even secondary primary series. The people practitioner the advanced series are rare and perhaps those of the advanced series D amount on the fingers of the hands. All the series rest nevertheless on the same principles explained below. These series consist of about fifty installations carried out in sequence always identical. They in common have the preliminary greetings and the pauses of finale.

Vinyasa

This term describes the synchronization of the movement and breathing. All the installations of the ashtânga (approximately 50 installations out of 1 a.m. and half) are dependant between it by intermediate installations of transition. The movement permanent and is synchronized on breathing. This movement must be, moreover, accompanied by the use of the bandhas (lock or bolt) as well as control of the points of glances (Drisdhi). Lastly, it should be added that breathing is the key of the Yoga and must be the primary goal of any pupil of ashtânga. This breathing is done only by the nose, the air inspired in front of, must penetrate by the back of the throat. This breathing is called breathing ujjayi. A correct control of this breathing implies a time of inspiration equal to the expiry. These three elements (âsana, prânâyâma, dristi) constitute TRISTANA. Lastly, the application of the bandhas (mainly Uddayana), which blocks the abdominal part, optimize the air intake by the lungs. The exercise of the vinyasa causes a rise in the internal temperature in the body and thus perspiration. This perspiration purifies the interior of the body by evacuating toxins.

Bandha

The bandhas (that one can translate by bolt) are 3 and are used in a quasi-permanent way at the time of the practice of the asanas and used in harmony with the pranayama then allow to release energy (pranic) body. Once this controlled alliance, the movements come from the interior of the body and make it possible to carry out the installations with grace and lightness. The 3 bandhas consists of a contraction of muscular groups which, upwards of the body, are broken up as follows:

Mula Bandha

It is started by contracting the muscle located between the anus and périné. It then makes it possible to constitute a solid base of the body and to support the internal bodies firmly. The mula bandha blocks energy at the base of the body and will thus make it possible the prana to move to the top of the body thanks to the use of the 2 others bandhas.

Uddiyana Bandha

Uddiayana means " to fly away to the top ". Concretely he is exerted by a contraction of the muscles of the abdomen. It is not a hardening of the abdominal muscles but, more simply, it is a question of returning the belly by contracting all the muscles of the abdomen. It makes it possible to block all the internal bodies and is essential to carry out a correct Ujjayi breathing. The belly thus solidifies allows a full movement of the lungs. This bandha allows, him also, to bring the higher flow of energy in the body. It should be noted that this bandhas makes it possible to concentrate all the force in the center of the body and a perfect control of this bandha is essential has a correct practice of the Yoga. If this bandha is misused, it will be with the remainder of the body to force in order to carry out the asanas. The force used at the time of the practice of the ashtanga should not come from outside (muscles of the arms, shoulders…) but of the control of this bandhas. Lastly, one can add that this bandhas is particularly important to protect the internal bodies during certain installations (of torsion for example).

Jalandhara Bhanda

This bandhas is activated on the level of the throat while placing the chin between the clavicles. It is mainly used in the pranayama and also appears in the asanas. It makes it possible to prevent pranic energy from escaping and that the pressure goes up to the head.

Dristi

They are the points of fixing of the glance. With each installation, a point of glance is associated. The respect of these points of glance allows that the spirit is centred and, thus, a better concentration. They are particularly important at the time of the following stages of development of the Yoga for the practice of Dharana (concentration) and Dhyana (meditation). Finally the good application of the dristis makes it possible to align well the body at the time of each position.
The dristis are 9:

Nasagrai: Of the nez
Angusta my dyai boils: Pouces
Broomadhya : Third œil
Nabi will chakra: Navel
Urdhva: Sky
Hastagrai: Main
Padhayoragrai : Orteils
Parsva : With far on the left
Parsva: With far on the right

Mantra

Each practice of Ashtânga Yoga is opened by the recitation of the Mantra Sanscrit according to:
Om
Vande gurunam charanaravinde
Sandarshita svatmasukhavabodhe
Nishreyase jangalikayamane
Samsara halahala mohasantyai
Abahu purusharakam
Shankhachakrasi dharinam
Sahasra sirasam svetam
Pranamami patanjalim
Om

Om
I request with the feet of lotus of the Master suprême
Who teaches knowledge, waking up the immense happiness of the revelation with soi-même
Who acts the such physicist of the jungle
Able to dissipate the illusions of the poison of a conditionnée
existence

In front of Patañjali, incarnation of Adisesa, white of color and with the thousand radiant faces (in its shape of the divine snake Ananta), with human form under the shoulders, carrying the sword of discrimination, a wheel of fire symbolizing eternity and the conch representing the sound divin
I prosterne
Om

And each practice is closed by this Mantra:
Om
Swastipraja byah bet pala yantam
Nyayena margena mahimahishah
Gobramanebhyah shubamastu niyam
Lokaasamastha sukhinobhavanthu
Om shanti shanti shanti

Om
That prosperity is glorifiée
That the leaders of this world control with justice
That all the crowned things are protégées
And that all the men of the ground are happy and prospères
Om peace peace paix

Food

Traditional mode yogic, no livestock product (meat, fish, egg), except for the dairy products (indirect). (to be developed)

Recommendations

principal and the most important: to practice! And, systematically, under the cane of a qualified professor. One incurs, if not, the risk of serious physical damage in the medium term.
the ideal practice is daily, at a rate of 1 to 2 days of rest per week.
Ashtanga Yoga is addressed to a very large audience. There is no age limit, however it will be necessary to adapt the practice taking into consideration situation certain.
During the rules, the sequence of the reversed postures is prohibited. For practicing assiduous, it is advised to rest during the first three days of the rules.
To practice in interior, in a calm part, dries, clean and without drafts.
To preferably wear discrete, flexible clothing and close to the body, barefeet.
To practice the empty stomach, ideally the morning with jeun. To await 3 to 4 a.m. after a heavy meal, 1 to 2 a.m. after a light meal.

External bonds

Official site of Pattabhi Jois and its research center on the ashtanga yoga
general Site on Ashtanga Yoga

Relative subjects

Yoga

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