The Asefat ha-nivharim was an assembled representative elected Jews of the Palestine agent (Yichouv) under the British Mandat, founded in 1920.
It was of an emanation of the Jewish political organizations and not about an assembly created by the power agent. The latter had as a privileged interlocutor the Jewish Agence.
Operation
The first elections took place in 1920. All the Jews of Palestine could vote and of great debates took place during the creation of the assembly, in particular as for the right to vote of the women. This one was refused by part of the monks, with amongst other things argument the fact that even the French Republic laic did not give them this right. At the time of the elections of 1920, in the final analysis, the women could vote.
A system of " curies" was in addition founded to ensure the representation distinct from the Ashkénaze S, Yemeni Sépharade S and Jews, these two last categories having still been represented besides by specific organizations in the first Knesset after creation of the State of Israel.
In practice, Asefat ha-nivharim will not have a strong influence. Its elections were especially used to weigh the influence of the various political currents Zionists, but will also take part in the creation of a pluralist political culture.
Other institutions Zionists will have a more determining influence in the life of Yichouv of the Palestine agent: the Jewish Agency, especially, but also the Histadrout.
The executive resulting from Asefat ha-nivharim was the Va' AD Le' ummi (National council).
Creation of the political parties Zionists, the assembly will be recognized by the British in July 1927, when those recognize only one integrated Jewish community, the Knesset-Israel , equipped with clean political bodies.
The elections took place with the proportional integral, a system which is more or less still in force for the current Parliament Israélien (Knesset).
Political currents
Four large currents divide the Yichouv:
- socialist left : divided between the members of the Labor Party of the Mapai, left created in 1930 by fusion the socialist currents " réformistes" , and two parties of extreme-left: the Hachomer Hatzaïr and the Poale Sion Smole. These the last two parties will meet in their turn in 1948 to create the Mapam.
- With the center right , one finds the party of the general Sionistes, moderate nationalists and liberal, combined with the Labor left.
- has right , one finds the Parti revisionist, much more nationalist, and genuine matrix of current the Likoud. Very hostile with the left, the Party revisionist will end up leaving the institutions Zionists in 1935 (dominated by the left in alliance with the general Zionists). He will refuse to take part in the elections of 1944.
- the religious Zionists divide between Mizrahi (religious conservatives) and Hapo' el Hamizrachi (religious " sociaux" , influenced by the left-wing ideas).
For memory, one can finally quote the ultra-orthodoxe not-Zionists of the Agoudat Israel and Poale Agoudat Israel (this last more nationalist and being influenced more by the doctrines " sociales"). The ultra-orthodoxe do not agree to vote at the assembly, although they take part in way limited to the institutions Zionists starting from 1929.
Elections
There were 4 elections:
- in 1920, there were 20 lists, 22.200 voters and 314 elected officials;
- in 1925, there were 26 lists, 36.437 voters and 221 elected officials;
- in 1931, there were 12 lists, 50.436 voters and 71 elected officials; (the left, the right-hand side and the center and the religious Zionists collect respectively 42,3% 32,4% and 7% of the votes);
- in 1944, there were 18 lists, 202.448 voters and 171 elected officials. These elections were boycotted by the Zionists revisionists (nationalist right).
There will be no elections in the years 1930, because of the " Great Arab revolt " , and there will not be either during the Second world war.
End of the assembly
After the creation of the State of Israel, in 1948, the current Parliament Israelis, the Knesset, is established. Its first elections will take place in 1949. Knesset seems the successor of Asefat ha-nivharim and puts an end to it.
External bond
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Alain Gresh and Dominique Vidal, Yichouv
אספתהנבחרים
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