Articulation (anatomy)

See also: Articulation

In Anatomy, a articulation is the junction between two Os. The arthrology or syndesmology is the part of the anatomy which treats articulations.

Types of articulations

One distinguishes three types of articulation:
*Les synarthroses : The Os of these articulations are linked by fibrous Tissu. Generally, the articulation is ossified and the possibilities of movement are almost null. One meets the Suture S , Syndesmose S and the Gomphose S .
*Les osseous parts of the joinings is linked by fibrous fabric forming a Ligament sutural. With the age, they tend to be ossified. The majority of the components of the Crâne are articulated by joinings.
*Dans a syndesmose , the fibrous fabric is not always ossified and it is possible to have still some movements (very limited). This type of articulation is met for example on the level of the articulations of the costal cartilages between them.

*Les Amphiarthroses : The elements are joined together by Cartilage, they are articulations semi-mobiles. One meets the Synchondrose S and the Symphyse S.

*Dans a synchondrose , the cartilage (hyaline) is transformed into bone before the adulthood.
*Dans the case of a symphyse , one finds fibrocartilage rather. Normally it is not ossified. For example, the intervertebral articulations are symphyses.

*Les Diarthroses is characterized by the presence of Synovie and by a great mobility. The articulation is firmly maintained by ligaments delimiting an articular capsule. To avoid the wear of the osseous ends in cantact, these last are provided with an articular cartilage. The movements are facilitated by the presence of a viscous and lubricating substance, called synovia, produced by the synovial membrane which papers the inner face of the socket. One speaks about synovial articulation. For example, the elbow presents a synovial articulation made up of 3 bones in contact two to two, the humérus (bone of the arm), the ulna and the radius (two bones of the front armlever). One meets of them several types according to the shape of the osseous involved parts. Most of the time, of the cartilage recovers articular surfaces, in addition complementary parts can be added like articular Ménisque S. One finds several types of them.

*Arthrodie, articular surfaces are plane
*Énarthrose, a head is opposed to a spherical cavity.
*Condylarthrose, a condyle is opposed to a cavity glénoïdale.
* Trochoidal, an axis is opposed to a pit (only rotation is possible).
*Ginglyme, one trochlée is opposed to a cochlea, the movements are of inflection-extension type.

List articulations of homo sapiens

Head

Upper limbs/Thorax

Thorax

  • Sterno-costal Articulation
  • costo-vertebral Articulation
    • Articulation costo-corporéale
    • Articulation costo-transversaire

Rachis and basin

  • Articulation atlas-occipital
  • Articulation atlas-axis
  • Articulation between cervical vertebrae
  • Articulation between dorsal vertebrae
  • Articulation between lumbar vertebrae
  • sacro-iliaque Articulation

Lower extremities

  • Hanche
  • Genou
  • Ankle
  • Orteil

See too

  • the article on the friction in the articulations in the wikilivre of tribology

Simple: Joint

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