See also: Calimala

Since the the Middle Ages, the word Arte (plural Arti) indicates the whole of the precise gestures concerning a practice controlled between theoretical science and the spontaneous practice and will take its known final direction today (Art schools).
Le word thus applies initially for the control of an artisanal activity and its knowledge transmitted by association or corporations of the trades which protect their know-how thus, their trade secrets, their group. The implication of these corporations is initially economic, then political, but also artistic by the support for certain artists (Liste of active works).

The word Arte, also applied to the artistic plastic production since antiquity will be specified by the name of Art schools as of the birth of the concept of Artiste signing his works and recognized as tel. This field requires as much regrouping and mutual assistance by cultural but so political concern (implication of the Médicis in the Art schools and the artists with Florence); Arti commercial will be implied, by the same concern, towards the artistic production, by creating what we call today the Mécénat.

History

For these reason, rich person and influential commercial corporations of Florence are named Arti and are made up in the middle of the 12th century on the initiative of a societas mercatorum of three consuls in reaction of opposition to the societas militium of the aristocrats and their allies of the upper middle class, the popolo grasso .

They also comprise a military chief or consul: the Podestat whose load cannot exceed one year (Thus Jacopo di Cione registers with the Arte dei Medici E Speziali in 1369, becomes about it the podestat corporation in 1384, 1387 and 1392). Initially from Calimala (the Exchange and the Wool - Cambio E Lana ), since 1193, several other Arti are detached and constituted the Arti maggiore from them as of the middle of the 13th century:

7 major Arts - Arti de Calimala

  • Art of Calimala (production and trade of cloths - refined the unbleached one and by consequence trade but also importation of spices, perfumes, jewels, of invaluable fabrics, corn export)
  • the Exchange ( Cambio )
  • the Silky ones and the Goldsmiths ( Por Santa Maria )
  • the Wool ( Lana )
  • Furriers and Furriers ( Pellicciai )
  • Judges and Notaries ( Giudici E Noted )
  • Doctors and Apothecaries, but also barbers, grocers, drapers and hardware stores (for the secrecy of their manufacture) ( Medici E Speziali )

Minor arts - Arti minori

They appear as from 1289:
  • Weavers of Flax and fripiers ( Linaivoli E Rigattieri )
  • Chaussetiers ( Calzolai )
  • Carpenters and Maçons ( Maestri di Pietra E Legname )
  • Blacksmiths and Menuisiers ( Fabbri )
  • Marshals-ferrands ( Maneschalchi )
  • Butchers ( Beccai )
  • Commercial of wines ( Vinattieri )
  • Landlords ( Albergatori )
  • Commercial of oil, salt and cheeses ( Oliandoli E Pizzicagnoli )
  • Tanners ( Arte dei Corazzai E Spadai )
  • Arms manufacturers ( Corazzai )
  • Metal workers ( Chiavaioli )
  • Blacksmiths ( Correggia )
  • Commercial of wood ( Legnaioli )
  • Bakers ( Fornai )

The rather high contribution that the members pay, drawing aside the small employers or craftsmen gathers by the fact of associations of employers.
Ainsi the fishmongers, the urban proletariat and the agricultural world, however economic actors, are completely excluded from it (the popolo minuto ).

Historical traces in the city

The works financed by Calimala:
  • the doors of bronze gilded of the baptistry San Giovanni,
  • the frontage of the church of San Miniato Al Assembles and their signature by the gilded eagle appearing in the top.
  • the Caroccio , tank warlike, also of the Midsummer's Day baptistry, decorated invaluable marbles and mosaics and restored by their care in 1280.
  • the statues of their protective saints on the pillars of the vault Orsanmichele, old loggia and warehouses which they occupied:

Arte della Lana was responsible for the good walk of the construction of the Duomo within Filippo Brunelleschi.

Complete listing of the protective Saints of the Arti of the gate vaults of Orsanmichele

  • the Madonna of the Pinks (1399) of Piero di Giovanni Tedesco - financed by Medici E Speziali (Doctors and Apothecaries)
  • Four crowned Saints (1408) of Nanni di Banco - financed by Maestri di Pietra E Legname (Carpenters and Masons)
  • Holy Luc (1405-10) of Giambologna - financed by Giudici E Noted (Judges and Notaries)
  • Saint Marc (1411) of Donatello - financed by Linaivoli E Rigattieri (Weavers of flax and Fripiers)
  • Saint Philippe (1412-14) of Nanni di Bank value - financed by Calzauoli (Shoemakers)
  • the Christ and Holy Thomas (1467-83) of Andrea del Verrocchio - financed by Tribunale di Mercanzia (Court of the Merchants)
  • Saint Eloi (1411-15) of Nanni di Banco - financed by Maneschalchi (Marshals-ferrands)
  • Holy Jacques (1415) of Lamberti - financed by Pellicciai (Furriers and Leather dealers)
  • Saint Pierre (1415) of Bernardo Ciuffagni - financed by Beccai (Butchers)
  • Holy Jean the Baptist (1414-16) of Lorenzo Ghiberti - financed by Calimala (Refined Wool Traders)
  • Holy Georges (1416) of Donatello - financed by Corazzai (Arms manufacturers)
  • Holy Matthieu (1419-20) of Lorenzo Ghiberti - financed by Cambio (Changers)
  • Holy Etienne (1428) of Lorenzo Ghiberti - financed by Lana (Wool Weavers)
  • Holy Jean the evangelist of Baccio da Montelupo - financed by Seta (Silky and Goldsmiths)

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