Arnould Locard

Etienne Alexandre Arnould Locard is a Naturaliste, malacologist and Géologue French. He was born with Lyon the December 8th 1841. He dies in 1904.

He is without the most prolific question of the French malacologists of the “New School” with Jules Rene Bourguignat (1828-1892) his Master. He described several hundreds of species in particular in the fresh water moulds and the Helix .

He had as a father celebrates it engineer Eugene Locard who built great Lyons works (railroad Lyon Saint-Etienne, viaducts of Mulatière and Perrache, stations of Lyon and Saint-Etienne, etc). His/her son, Edmond Locard (1877 - 1966) was a famous criminologist. Both were members of the Academy of Science, Belles-Lettres and Arts of Lyon.

In 1863, it is received with the central École of arts and manufactures of which it arises in 1866 with the title of engineer. It accepted several distinctions like the large money medal of the Sorbonne in 1867 and the gold medal of the Academy of Lyon in 1866.

In 1874, it is promoted chief engineer and directs the Bessemer blast furnaces for the production of steel. He resigns of his station in 1878 and settles definitively in Lyon as a civil engineer.

Very related on the Natural history museum of Natural history of Lyon and Dr. Louis Lortet (1838 - 1909) which directed it, it wrote a very detailed booklet of the objects presented in the windows of the Natural history museum and heading Muséum of Natural history of Lyon, Guide to the Collections of Zoology, Géologie and Mineralogy . It reclassified during many years the collections of Ange Paulin Terver (1798 - 1875) and of Gaspard Louis André Michaud (1795 - 1880) as well as the shells brought back of the missions to the Middle East by Dr. Lortet who ends to the publication of various works Lyons Malacologie according to the collection of Terver and Malacologie of the Lakes Tibériade, Antioche and Homs in Syria .

Arnould Locard is a true man of museum; collecting itself little, he studies and describes almost exclusively starting from institutional material or of private individuals. In 1895, it revises the conchological collection of Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (1772 - 1804) deposited with the imperial and royal Musée of natural history of Vienna and publishes a Ipsa Draparnaudi Conchylia of almost 200 pages.

As a geologist, it was interested in the malacofaune quaternary grounds in the surroundings of Lyon like to the questions of polymorphism of the species and the influence of the mediums about the species. Convinced Néolamarckien, positivist, these considerations enabled him to justify the creation of a great number of species, convinced as Jules Rene Bourguignat that the Molluscs are the beings most likely to be influenced by the medium. Its Prodrome of French Malacology is a considerable work which recognizes more 1 200 species and its conchological Notices started in 1888 do not include/understand less than 50 volumes.

It will write moreover a big number of extremely detailed biographical notes several naturalists of its time like Martial Etienne Mulsant (1797 - 1880), Gaspard Louis André Michaud, Ange Paulin Terver and wrote a historical article, Lyons Malacologistes .

Principal works

1881-1890. Contributions to French malacologic Fauna. Ann. Plowshare flax. Lyon and Ann. Plowshare Hist. nat. Agric. useful Arts Lyon. gathering 15 memories.
1884-1887. Materials to be used for the history of French Malacology. Bull. Plowshare badly. France Paris. gathering 7 memories.
1888-1898. Conchological notes. The Exchange, Review linnéenne, Lyon. gathering 50 memories.

1866. Geological monograph of the Lyons Mont-d'or cheese and its dependences. Lyon. in collaboration with Albert Falsan
1877. Lyons malacology, or Description of terrestrial and watery Molluscs of the surroundings of Lyon, according to the collection of Mr. A.P. Terver. Lyon.
1878. Note on the malacologic migrations around Lyon. Lyon.
1879. Description of the malacologic Fauna of the quaternary Grounds of the surroundings of Lyon. Lyon, 1 pl.
1881. Studies on the malacologic variations according to the alive and fossil Fauna of the central part of the basin of the Rhone. Lyon, 2 vol.
1881. Catalog terrestrial and watery Molluscs department of Ain. Lyon.
1882. Preamble of French Malacology, or Catalogs general alive Molluscs of France. Lyon.
1883. Malacology of the Lakes Tibériade, Antioche and Homs in Syria. Lyon, 4 pl.
1884. Value of the specific characters in Malacology. Lyon.

References

Anonymous (1886), Locard Etienne-Alexandre-Arnould. biographical Review of the Company Malacologique de France, vol. 2.
Bouchet pH. (2002), terrestrial and watery Molluscs of France: a new taxonomic reference frame, a new departure, new prospects. IN. G. Falkner, Th.E. Ripken & Mr. Falkner. Continental molluscs of France: list annotated reference and bibliography. Natural heritages 52, p. 5-20.

See too

Jules Rene Bourguignat (1829-1892)
Georges Coutagne (1854-1928)
Louis Lortet (1838-1909)

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