Army of Tennessee

The Armed with Tennessee , created on November 20th, 1862, was principal the confederated Armée present between the the Appalachian Mountains and the river the Mississippi during the American Civil War.

Origins

It comes from the meeting of the Armée with Kentucky with part of the Armée with the Mississippi. It had in the beginning a manpower of 47 000 men divided into three army corps of infantry and a division of cavalry.

Campaigns

It was ordered as of its creation by the general Braxton Bragg and faced the Armée with Cumberland of the William S. Rosecrans with the Bataille Stones River (called Murfreesboro by Confédérés) on December 31st, 1862 when it was forced to beat a retreat towards Tullahoma, with forty kilometers more in the south.

When Rosecrans passed to the offensive to the summer 1863 (offensive known under the name of Campagne of Tullahoma) the forces of the Union forced Bragg to move back towards the north of the Georgia, giving up the important rail junction of Chattanooga. However, in September of the same year, reinforced army corps of the general lieutenant James Longstreet of the Armée with septentrional Virginia, the army of Tennessee was able to inflict a hard defeat with the troops of Rosecrans with Chickamauga, which enabled him to besiege Chattanooga. The army of Cumberland accepted however also renforts : troops of the Armed with the Union of Tennessee, the Grant like 2 army corps of the Armed with Potomac of the general major Joseph Hooker.

The November 25th, the 2 armies met with the battles of Missionary Ridge ; confederated were demolished with for consequences the abandonment of the head office of Chattanooga and the withdrawal towards the north of Georgia.

Departure of Bragg

Bragg was raised of his command following this serious defeat and this one was entrusted to the general Joseph E. Johnston who was appreciated more by the troop and the officers that Bragg. During the Countryside of Atlanta in 1864, Johnston had to face the joined together armies of the Union of the general William T. Sherman whose objective was to conquer Atlanta. Johnston, which knew by experiment that the survival of its army (made up of two bodies of infantry and a body of cavalry and thereafter reinforced remainders of the army of the Mississippi in May 1864) was more important than the defense of a territory, always avoided the direct contact with the army of Sherman, carrying out well carried out retirements which, however, were not taste of the confederated Government with Richmond, in particular of President Jefferson Davis which had never been in good term with Johnston. Following the victory of Sherman to the river Chattahoochee, which forced the army confederated to withdraw itself towards Atlanta, Johnston was raised of its command and was replaced by the general John Bell Hood on July 18th, 1864.

The way of ordering of Hood was disastrous. After many unfruitful attempts aiming at forcing the forces of Sherman to withdraw itself from Atlanta, the September 2nd 1864 the city was occupied by the troops of the Union. Hood, instead of continuing to fight Sherman, was withdrawn towards the west in the north of Tennessee, which made it possible Sherman to move towards the south (countryside that one named Marche towards the sea). During this Hood time ran up in Tennessee against the army of Cumberland, ordered by the general major George Thomas, and with the Armée with Ohio ordered by the general major John Schofield. The November 30th 1864, Hood, with the Battle Franklin, was crushed by the army, however fewer, of Schofield, almost losing a quarter of its manpower, but continuing to advance towards north, in the center of Tennessee where it tried to besiege Nashville. The December 15th the troops of Thomas launched their attack, destroying quasi completely the confederated Army of Tennessee, with the Battaille of Nashville. Hood beat a retreat towards Tupelo, the Mississippi, gave its command on January 23rd, 1865 and required to find its rank of general lieutenant.

Thereafter, the confederated army of Tennessee ceased being a fighting force effective. It was built-in a vaster army ordered by the general Joseph E. Johnston and who included/understood, in addition to the army of Tennessee, of the troops of South Carolina, Caroline of Nud, Georgia and Florida. This army counted 20 000 men. The capitulation of the Armée with septentrional Virginia ordered by Robert E. Lee precipitated its capitulation vis-a-vis the troops of Sherman on April 26th, 1865 with Durham Station in North Carolina

Commanders

Principal battles and Campaigns

Battle Stones To rivet it (Bragg)
Battle of Chickamauga (Bragg)
Battle of Chattanooga (Bragg)
Countryside of Atlanta (Johnston, then Hood)
Countryside of Franklin-Nashville (Hood)
Countryside of Carolines (Johnston)

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