Armorial

In Heraldic, a Armorial is a collection of armorial bearings. Some are illustrated, others are limited to give a list of Blasonnement S.

The first armorial bearings appear towards 1130, and it is necessary to await about fifty years to see appearing the first collections. When after the end of the 12th century the armorial bearings had taken a regular and hereditary character, the heralds established charters and repertories, where the weapons of the families were illustrated. One knows thus nearly a million medieval blazons (former to the 16th century).

The armoriaux ones can be presented on all kinds of supports: rollers, books or registers, but also mural decoration, sculptures, paintings or stained glasses, etc

Types of armoriaux

Armoriaux occasional

They are oldest. They are known as “ occasional ” because they were established at the time of specific events, to describe the weapons of the participants present at a particular occasion: tournament, marriage, treaty, etc some one of these armoriaux, some drawn up Here by the organizers of the event, the others by amateurs of heraldic:
  • the role of weapons Religious bigot (oldest, 1254 whose a copy remains), which gives to the list of the blasonnements knights brought together for the countryside of Charles of Anjou in Hainaut.
  • the armorial of the tournament of Compiegne , of 1278
  • the role of Falkirk , gives the list of the knights having fought to the battle of Falkirk in 1298.
  • the chronic of the Council of Constancy of Ulrich Richental, years 1430, to see on the site of UNESCO.

Armoriaux institutional

This last armorial is in the middle of an evolution in the armoriaux ones, which aims at creating the complete ones. Indeed, there were already provincial armoriaux , like the role Baliol going back to 1332 or the role of Zurich , going back to 1340 approximately, and the idea and to draw up the list of the armorial bearings of a whole kingdom.

These armoriaux will take the name of “armoriaux institutional ”. It then creates for itself in the courses of the various kingdoms the judging function of weapons, of which most famous are those of the Famille of Hozier.

The armoriaux institutional ones count the weapons of the members of a brotherhood, an institution, an order of knighthood…

Armoriaux generals

Armoriaux known as “ general ” counts all the weapons (families, cities or communities) for a given territory, which can be more or less wide.

In France, Louis XIV launched the census in a “general armorial” of all the armorial bearings carried in the kingdom, primarily with a tax aim (each person was to pay a tax proportional to its row). The project failed finally, but resulted in identifying 120.000 armorial bearings.

Typology of the armoriaux one

There are several manners of classifying the armoriaux ones:
  1. according to the realizer:
  2. * that can be a civil servant, who has access to reliable and exhaustive documents
  3. * or a private individual, amateur of heraldic, who is dependant on the good will of his advisers
  4. according to the classification
  5. * by name of the carrier of the armorial bearings
  6. * by contents, which make it possible to find the carrier starting from its weapons. This type of armorial is described as armorial ordered . The Armorial with the lion is an ordered exemble of armorial.

See too

The Armorial de Gelre

External bonds

  • Early rolls off arms: some roles of weapons among oldest.
  • European Héraldique also proposes some armoriaux.
  • the armoriaux ones of Heraldic Euraldic.com.
  • of Abzaccomprendre the role of the armorial.

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