A architect (of the Greek arkhitektôn which means “master carpenter”) is often creative whose trade is to conceive (by the drawing of plans) and to make build building S. In a more total way, the architect works space, and creates spaces; he works and creates:

  • of surfaces (frontages, grounds, zones…) just like the painter;
  • of volumes (spaces of connection and recognition) just like the sculptor;
  • of environments (plays of light, echo, attenuation of the sound, plays of color, of textures) just like an artist.

History of the trade of architect in Occident

The trade of architect as it is considered it today, i.e. like disciplines liberal (thus not-mechanics, is more related with arts and sciences that with the manual and artisanal practices of the trades of the building), is rather new in occident. It dates from the Renaissance.

In the majority of the companies former to the Rebirth, there existed already “architects”, more precisely called Master-mason or master carpenter. They cumulated the tasks of those which one calls today the architects, the engineers and the contractors, but one especially asked them to deal with the technical side of masterly constructions (public edifices or private of prestige).

Apart from these some exceptional cases, the masonries were built by their occupants starting from diagrams which the centuries made it possible to develop by experimentation without that not requiring a specialist. One calls this process construction according to standard or more simply the vernacular .

Rebirth

Among and parallel to the other social claims which characterize the Rebirth, one finds that of the architects, who want to see themselves like “thinkers of construction”. They are distinguished from the other trades of the building as being the intellectuals. If the architects were born then, it is also thanks to the emergence of new customers: the commercial and banking rich person and the middle-class men add to their orders of buildings the request to make place a message. They want to make show through their richness, their capacity and their taste.

Thus, starting from the Rebirth, the work of architect will be the reflection object distinct relating to the discussion and the definition from its practice, its goals and its means, amplifying its intellectual dimension.

The work of the architect

Its work leaves in general an order, result of a contest or even of its relational, to more often see, word of mount. It will outline a project of architecture. What imposes more constraints to him than in the two above mentioned activities. It must think the building and its environment in there integral of the preset functions (programming), while taking care to enter a predefined budget, by respecting the local legislations in term of safety, jurisdiction, structures and adapting and implementation of construction to the ground generally chosen by the silent partner. The architect always follows the wishes of the silent partner while bringing there his sensitivities, his competences and of the solutions not envisaged, but adding functionalities of " mieux-vivre". Sometimes thus, it makes show through in its creations its vision of the company and its time, differently known as, which it feels as being the new needs for the company. Thus, it often integrates its projects in a highly total vision: constraints socio-economic, temporal, esthetic, structural, functional,… It is thus strongly implied in the Urbanisme, discipline either reserved for the Urbaniste S but for any concerned architect of the balance of the districts.

Many other disciplines are attached to that of the architect (town planning, landscape, geography, ecology, political sciences, inter alia), and often make the subject of specializations (DEA, OF the, master, Doctorat, or professional training center). There are thus, following the example town-planners, architect-landscape designers, engineer-architects, architect-designers, architect-écologue. See Town planning, Paysagisme, industrial Design , knowing that these specialists will treat more the legal and normative part, and not the graphic part of the Projet.

How does the architect work?

The work of the architect constructing a building is specified in the contract of architect who describes his " mission". This one includes/understands whole or part of the 3 following successive phases.

  1. the design includes/understands the general creation of the building: form, provision, constructive principle. It results in data-processing drawings, models or models.

  2. the development of the services which includes/understands the technical studies (provision of the elevators, the heating, etc…). It is frequently carried out with the assistance of engineers specialized in a precise field, the architect playing in this case the part of " chief of orchestre." It results in technical nomenclatures (indicated " descriptifs") and of the technical plans which are very precise drawings.
  3. direction of the execution . The architect organizes an invitation to tender to allow the companies work to establish estimates corresponding to the work as envisaged by the descriptions and the plans. The selected customer the companies directors and signs a contract with each one of them. Lastly, the architect will direct the building site and will coordinate the intervention of the companies directors so that the built building answer waitings of the customer.

Alternative: the architect builder . This one carries out the design and the technical studies like above. On the other hand it ensures in more the total responsibility ( turn-key ) for the realization of the building while being the single interlocutor for the customer to whom it guarantees - under his responsibility - the final price, the completion date and the satisfaction of the needs. For its customer it is thus " general Contractor " i.e. design + studies + work. (see the external bonds all in bottom of this article)

The legal statute of the architects

In France

In France, an architect must be registered with the Order of the architects, and acquiter of an annual contribution near this Order. In addition, the title of architect is protected by the law of January 3rd, 1977.

In addition, there exists for the architects in France.

With the Canada

In Canada, to practice and carry the title of architect, one must be recognized by a provincial Order. With this intention, one must today be holder of a Control in Architecture (M.Arch) exempted by a school of architecture recognized and generally obtained in 5 years. Moreover, to obtain the right of practice, one period of training course near recorded architects must be supplemented and of the additional examinations managed by the provincial orders must be succeeded. The title of architect and the field of competence definite and are protected at the provincial level. Each province has its own legislation aiming at framing the occupation of architect.

Quebec

With the Quebec, it is the Law on the architects which applies. This law makes occupation of architect a profession with exclusive exercise. Only the members of the Ordre of the architects of Quebec thus have the right to use the title of architect and to prepare the plans and estimate of architecture for work and the buildings which are defined in the law.

The Law on the architects and the Code of the professions are supplemented by the payments of the Order, among which one finds the Code of conduct which describes the codes of conduct of the architect towards the public, his customers and the profession.

This section is delayed specifically with the whole of the legislation governing the occupation of architect in Quebec.

See too

External bonds

  • National council about the architects in France
  • National union of the French Trade unions Architects - UNSFA
  • Annual convention of the architects
  • Club To prescribe - regulation and the architect
  • Schools of architecture in France
  • Architects of the Urgency, the humanitarian organization of the architects
  • National federation of the General Contracting Architects
  • Generating of routes formation employment cofinanced by the European Community

Simple: Architect

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