Archeobactery methanogene

The archeobacteries methanogenes are Archaea producing of Méthane being in varied mediums, energy of marine sediments or estuaries, to the peat bogs and with the intestines of many animals (termites, mammals,…). It was estimated that a third of the methane rejected into the atmosphere could originate in the archaea methanogenes… They represent today a very significant part of the research carried out in the world on the archaea. These are organizations chimioautotrophes, a subdivision of the organizations Chimiotrophe S.

In fact strict bacteria Anaérobie S, i.e. die in the presence of oxygen traces by autoxidation of certain cofacteurs necessary to the metabolism.

They cause reactions of methanisation:
CO₂ + 4:00 ₂O → CH₄ + 2:00 ₂O,
CH₃COOH → CH₄ + CO₂,
HCOOH + 3:00 ₂ → CH₄ + 2:00 ₂O,
CH₃OH + H₂ → CH₄ + H₂O,
CH₃NH₂ + H₂ → CH₄ + NH₃ ou
(CH₃) ₂S + 2:00 ₂O → 2 CH ₄ + NH₃.

In fact reactions strongly Exergonique S (release from heat).

They generally take place in reducing mediums (potential < 330 mV) There exists a symbiosis with other strict bacteria anérobies which provide uninterrupted hydrogen and essential carbonic gas. It is said that it is formed a consortium. These reactions are thus accompanied by a hydrogen consumption (process of purification). There is also elimination of the carbon reduced in the form of gas CH₄ (lost for the metabolism).

Stages of methanisation

mobilization of the organic matters (vegetable)
hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses → release of the glucids → way of aerobic oxidations and fermentations
fermentation on organic compounds drained starting from the carpet vegetable or accumulated by sedimentation of the phytoplankton. Action of the germs ANAs ( Bactéroides, Butyvibrio, Bifidobacterum, Lactobacillus, Clostridium… )
release of organic acids, carbonic gas, hydrogen

CO₂, H₂ → direct food of the méthanogenèse.

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