Arch

A vault (or vault ) is an architectural element of couvrement interior of a building.

The vaults characteristic of architecture Roman E, paléochrétienne then Romance E are in cradle. They have the shape of a prolonged arc. One speaks about curved cradle when the vault is semi-cylindrical and of broken cradle when two concave sides meet at a peak with the ridge. The cradle is longitudinal if it is parallel to the orientation of covered space, transverse if it is perpendicular to this one. The collateral ones are sometimes arched in half-cradle.

The barrel vault, generally, is reinforced by Nervure S indicated by the terms of Doubleau X or transverse ribs.

One speaks about groined vault when two cradles, equal height, cross while penetrating one in another (forming a Croix of saint André).

The third type of vault is the Ribbed vault. It can be quadripartite or sexpartite (according to whether it crosses 2 or 3 warheads, drawing 4 or 6 voûtains). The ribbed vault is known as barlongue when it forms, with each Travée, a rectangle whose longest side is perpendicular to the Nef. It is known as oblong in the contrary case.

Its veins name warheads, Lierne S and Tierceron S.

Some types of vaults

Ribbed vault

detailed Article: Intersecting ribs

What is heavy, it is the vault itself (i.e. the fact that the ceiling is out of stone) and the dimensioning problem is especially the side Poussée that it imposes on the Mur S. a “cylindrical” vault created a lateral thrust, which tends to draw aside the walls. The push is all the more strong as the range (width of the Nef) is larger, and is all the more difficult to compensate that the walls are high (the arm of lever is more important). The Romanesque art thus tends to make naves narrow, rather low, and thick side walls to hold the push. The central idea of intersecting ribs, and Gothic Style, is to make vaults which rest not directly on walls, but on these cross warhead S; and the warheads themselves converge towards pillars. With this method, the push is not any more distributed throughout the wall, but is concentrated on a point at the top of the pillar. Blow, the wall itself is not used for nothing, one can empty it and replace it by Vitraux. And, the push received at the top of the Pilier S can be easily compensated by propping up, instead of being received by Contrefort S

See too

  • the article “Arches” Dictionnaire reasoned of the French architecture of 11th at the 16th century of Eugene Purple-the-Duke (soon available on Wikisource)

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