Arbitrations of Vienna
The arbitrations of Vienna (or Diktats of Vienna according to the Allied ) are two arbitrations occurred under influences of the Nazi Germany and realized to satisfy in a peaceful way with the territorial claims of the Hungary on the territories that this one had lost following the Traité of Trianon in 1920. The First arbitration of Vienna intervened in 1938 and the second in 1940. It led to the dismantling of the Grande Romania historical.
These arbitrations sanctioned the annexation by Hungary of territories which belong currently to the Slovakia, the Ukraine and the Romania, which Hungary wished réapproprier in the inter-war period.
These agreements became null and void and modified by the territorial modifications which have taken place with the end of the Second world war.
The First arbitration of Vienna
See also: First arbitration of Vienna
A war with the Czechoslovakia is avoided by the First arbitration of Vienna signed on November 2nd, 1938. Hungary recovers the southernmost edge of the Slovakia whom one calls also High-Hungary and a subcarpatic part Ruthénie where the Hungarian minority of Czechoslovakia was. Hitler also promises to return to Hungary territories located in Slovakia in exchange of a military alliance. Horthy refuses while continuing to claim a territorial revision according to ethnic borders.
In March 1939, when Czechoslovakia is dissolved (See Czechoslovakia during the Second world war), Hungary occupies the remainder of Ruthénie subcarpatic and recognizes the news Slovakia " indépendante" , created by Germany, but the territorial competitions degenerate quickly into armed conflict. At the conclusion of this War Slovaquo-Hungarian (also known under the name of Small war ), Hungary recovers only the Eastern edge of Slovakia.
The Second arbitration of Vienna
See also: Second arbitration of Vienna
In September 1940, it is a war with the Romania which is avoided by the Second arbitration of Vienna. The Northern half of the Transylvania is recovered by Hungary the August 30th 1940. It is about an area of 43 492 km ², populated 2 578 100 people of which the half is Magyar. Although the transfer guaranteed the multi-ethnicity of the areas, of important migrations took place.
The September 7th, Romania yielded to the Bulgaria by the Traité of Craiova granted the south of the Dobroudja. This territory had belonged to Bulgaria of 1878 with 1913, but had then been yielded to Romania at the conclusion of the Second Balkan War.
In October 1940, Adolf Hitler inaugurates a policy of balance between Romania and Hungary which it will continue until the end of the Second world war. There will be no war between the two countries. At the conclusion of the two arbitrations of Vienna, 2 300 000 Magyars of the separate territories are found within Hungary. For much of Magyars, the assessment is graying, the injustices of the treaty of Trianon are repaired.
See too
- Large historical Romania
- Bulgaria during the Second world war
- Hungary during the Second world war
- Romania during the Second world war
- Czechoslovakia during the Second world war
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