Arad

Arad is a city of the West of the Romania, in Transylvania, chief town of the homonymous department (Judeţ de Arad). In 2002, the population of the city was of 172.824 inhabitants. It is a modern city, centers industrial and of important transport of the country, which contains many buildings of a remarkable beauty.

Geography

The city is located close to the Hungarian border, in the Western end of Transylvania. It is crossed by the river Mureş.

At the foot of the hills of Carpates Western, it is located in a plain entirely punt.

The climate is continental moderate, with Mediterranean influences.

History

The area of Arad initially belonged to the Dacie.
  • 1028 : first documentary certificate concerning the zone of Arad
  • 1078 - 1081: first mention of the locality
  • 1131: The city is mentioned in the Chronique painted of Vienna .
  • 1241 : The Mongolian invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary highlighted the need for having defensive fortifications in the area of Arad. Castle-forts were built in the second part of the 13th century with Şoimoş, Şiria and Dezna.
  • 1551 : Arad is occupied by the Ottoman Empire, until the peace treaty of Karlowitz in 1699
  • 17th century: Aradu Nou (" New Arad"), suburbs located on other bank of Mureş, are founded. The core of the new colony is located on the works of art built by the Turks to take the city.
  • 1699 : Arad is under the domination of the Habsbourg, kings of Austria
  • 1702: The trade union of the furriers is recorded.
  • 1708 : The Moine Camil Hofflich creates the first school (German).
  • 1720 : The census gives a report on 177 Rumanian families, 162 Serb and 35 Hungarian women.
  • 1763 - 1783: construction of a new citadel in style Vauban by the Austrian architect Filip Ferdinand Harsch
It was used to imprison the rebels directed by the riot of the peasants Horia, Cloşca and Crişan.

This fortress also played a big role in the fight for the independence of the Hungary in 1849 (a museum contains the vestiges of the war of independence). Defended by the Austrian general Shepherd until the end of July 1849, it was captured by the Hungarian rebels, for whom it became the general headquarter during the last phase of the insurrection. Lajos Kossuth there launched its proclamation on August 11th, 1849 and gave the military and civil supreme capacity to Artúr Görgey. The fortress was reconquered quickly after the rendering of Görgey in the hands of the Russians with Şiria and transform in ammunition dump. The 13 rebellious generals were shot on October 6th, 1849 by order of the general autrichen Haynau. They are regarded today as 13 martyrdoms of Arad; since, Arad is famous like the " Golgotha hongrois". These 13 generals are known for the atrocities made among the Roumanians.

The soldiers of the army of Napoleon found refuge there.

  • 1812 : Pavel Avacumovici creates Preparandia , the first Rumanian teaching school of Transylvania
  • 1817: Jacob Hirschl builds the oldest theater of Romania, the Theater Hirschl
  • 1833: The sixth European academy of music is created (after Paris, Prague, Brussels, Vienna and London).
  • 1834 : In recognition of its intense economic development, Arad receives the statute of royal free city by the emperor Francis I of Austria.
  • October 6th 1849: the Magyar revolution is stopped
  • 1890: creation of the Philharmonic Company of Arad, Aradi Philharmonia Egyesült
  • 1899: The first official match of football in Romania takes place with Arad.
  • 1910 : Arad becomes more the big city of Transylvania with 63166 inhabitants (Hungarian, Rumanian, German, Juifs, Serbes, Croatian, Slovaques, Tziganes)
  • 1913: first electric railroad of and eighth Eastern Europe of the world on the way Arad-Podgoria
  • 1918: The Central Rumanian National council directs the Transylvania.
    • 13 May 15th: Iuliu Maniu request in Arad the total separation of the Transylvania of Hungary and its union with the Romania.
    • December 1st, Transylvania is linked with Romania.
  • 1937 : The economic activity develops and places Arad in fourth position in the country and first in Transylvania.
Since, industry developed at an intensive pace. However, the city attracted less inhabitants resulting from the rural migration than of other towns of Transylvania.
  • 1989 : Arad is the second city to revolt against the communist mode after Timişoara
  • 1990 - 1991: foundation of higher education
  • 1999: inauguration of the Zone of Industrial activities of Arad

Economy

According to the Chamber of commerce and of Industry, Arad is known for its intense industrial activity and of long time.

Industry

  • food
  • textile (factories ATU, Teba, Confecţii)
  • shoes
  • toys
  • machine tools, clock industry and meters
  • coaches and cars of trains
  • piece of furniture
After 1989, the activity knew material changes in a context of transition to the market economy.

Services

  • trade
  • transport
  • telecommunications
  • banks and insurance
  • press and audio-visual

Transport

Arad is the rail junction most important of the West of Romania, being located on a national and European axis. The city is served by an international airport and an highway network of good quality. The urban and suburban public transport is articulated around many tram lines and of a network of bus with longer range.

Teaching

Secondary education

  • National Collège Braces Nicoară (old name: College Ioan Slavici)
  • teaching College Dimitrie Ţichindeal (old name: Preparandia - 1812)
  • National College Elena Ghiba Birta (old name: College Miron Constantinescu)
  • economic College
  • technical School of constructions and environmental protection
  • College of art Sabin Drăgoi
  • Magyar College Csiky Gergely
  • German College Adam Müller Guttenbrunn
  • College Baptist Alexa Popovici

University education

Tourist attractions

Monuments of architecture

The city contains many buildings of a remarkable beauty.
  • the Citadel of Arad , is one of the fortifications of the type Vauban built in Transylvania. The principal door and the interior buildings are in Style baroque.
  • the Administrative Palate , today Town hall and Department - 1872 - 1874, Architecture Rebirth, with a 54 height m tower.
  • the Palate Neuman - 1891, eclectic Architecture
  • Law courts - 1892, eclectic Architecture
  • the Palate Cenad - 1894, eclectic architecture and neo-classic
  • the National Bank - 1906, neo-classic Architecture
  • the Palate Bohuş - 1910, Sezessionsstil
  • the Palate Szantay - 1911, Sezessionsstil
  • the Cultural Palate builds between 1911 and 1913 by the Hungarian architect Ludovic Szantay in eclectic Architecture, traditional architecture , Gothic architecture, Architecture Rebirth, Corinthian columns, with influences of the Art nouveau. It currently shelters the philharmonic orchestra of State, a museum of history and another of natural science.
  • the Monument of the Rumanian combatants
  • the monument of the 13 generals martyrdoms - It contains a colossal image of the Hungary, with four allegorical groups and the medals of the generals carried out.
  • the street Cloşca - Sezessionsstil
  • the downtown area (Boulevard of the Revolution)

Historical buildings

  • the House with the balls , 1800, where there are in the wall 17 balls drawn during the fights from Arad of the years 1848 - 1849
  • Preparandia , 1812, the first Rumanian teaching school of Transylvania
  • the House with the lock , 1815
  • the Old Theater (Hirschl) , built by Jacob Hirschl in the year 1817. It is the oldest theater of Romania.
  • the Tower of water , built in 1896, in the style medieval keep
  • the old customs , built in 1907, old entrance point of the goods in the markets of Arad

Churches

Museums and exposures

  • the whole of the Museums of Arad
    • the section History
    • the section Natural science
    • the section Art
  • the Museum Memorial Vasile Goldiş
  • the Collection of art Doina and Baruţu Arghezi
  • the Gallery Delta, place of three significant events of the visual arts of Arad: The International Biennial Living room of Drawing, the Biennial Living room of Sculpture, the Annual show of Art
  • the Gallery Esparto
  • the Gallery Clio
  • the Gallery the Water Tower
  • the Gallery Takács
  • the Gallery Carola' S
  • Expo Arad, center of exposures of the Chamber of commerce, Industry and Agriculture of Arad

Festivals

  • the traditional Festival of theater
  • the International festival Euromarionettes
  • the Festival of theater high-school pupil Amifran (in French, animated by professor Lavinia Văgălău)
  • the Festival of theater high-school pupil Teen Play (in English)
  • the Festival of the minorities
  • the Fair of the popular craftsmen
  • the Fair of ONG
  • the Festival of the spring of Arad
  • the Festival of the days of Arad in August
  • the Festival of the wine in September
  • the Festival of the beer

Tourism

  • the swimming pool, beach, camp-site and recreational center Neptune is one of the most beautiful places of approval and second of this kind in Europe
  • the bank of Mureş decorated of walks and parks
  • glazing bar (Pădurice) and its natural lake in the downtown area
  • the forest of Ceala with the lake Moltăreţ and the Island of Mureş
  • the forest of Vladimirescu
  • the Judeţ de Arad

International relations

Twinnings

Partnerships

External bonds

  • www.arad.info.ro
  • the plan of Arad
  • Satellite image (Google maps)
  • the monument of the 13 generals martyrdoms of Arad

Simple: Arad

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