Arab political vocabulary

There exists a political vocabulary specific to the Arab World, in Arab Langue or not, often used in the works of political science treating of the Machrek, and by the important local French-speaking press of the the Maghreb, which frequently makes use of Arab political terms included/understood by all the readers. This vocabulary should not be confused with the Vocabulaire of Islam, Arabic and Moslem not being synonyms (there are nonMoslem Arabs, and the major part of the Moslems are not Arab), even if certain terms are common, Arabic being the liturgical language of Islam. Certain Arab political terms are also used in other languages of people mainly Islamized, the Persan (farsi in Iran, Indian millet in Afghanistan), the Ourdou or the Turkish .

Al baath Al arabi : Arab rebirth, the Left Baath (or Baath, HT being then pronounced as in English HT ink )
to amir Al mouminin : the commander of the believers, titrates of the king of the Morocco, directing Moroccan Moslems, as the Queen of England which is chief of the Church Anglican
asabiyya : clanism, familism, term invented by the Arab sociologist Ibn Khaldoun, these denrières decades often used in connection with the Syria baassist, but also with the Morocco, in Algeria, with the Lebanon and in the countries of the Gulf
chouhada (sg. chahid ): martyrs (as well with the political direction as religious), indicates in Algérie the moudjahids (see below) dead during the war of Algeria, it is often question in the Algerian French-speaking media of the " Coordination of the children of chouhada " , a francophobe nationalist organization related to the old sole party FLN; the term is also used these last years to designate the terrorists having made a Attack-suicide in Palestine and Iraq, that their partisans qualify " Palestinian combatants or Iraqi died in action".
Harki : Moslem Algerian soldier engaged at the sides of the French Army in units called harka (of the word haraka , movement) during the War of Algeria; the term is usually used in French as synonym of " traître"
hogra : contempt (as dialectal Algerian), term used by the Algerian democratic movement as from 2001 to indicate the attitude of the authorities with respect to the people
ikhwan : brothers, indicates either (topicality) the Muslim brothers, or (history) the soldier-propagandists wahhabites who helped family Al-Saoud to conquer the current territory of the Saudi Arabia
Intifada (انتفاضة), action to stir up, revolt, indicates several popular revolts against governments, that of the Iraqi people in 1952, those of the Palestinians against the Israeli occupying army in 1987-1993 and in 2001-2005, that of the movement of Moqtada al-Sadr in Iraq against the Americans in 2003, the term was also asserted by the demonstrators of the the Western Sahara (under Moroccan occupation) in May - June 2005; l'" intifada of the indépendance" is the term used by the media Lebanese to indicate what is since then more known like " revolution of the cèdres" , democratic reaction following the assassination of Rafic Hariri in February 2005
intifada Al aqsa (انتفاضةالاقصى): Palestinian second intifada, as from September 2000, following the provocation of Ariel Sharon on the Mount of the Temple to Jerusalem, where mosque Al-Aqsa
ittihad is: union, unit, refer in Machrek to the Arab unit, with the Panarabisme, whereas with the Morocco the derived French-speaking term, ittihadist, refer to the socialist Union of the popular forces, the local party member of the Internationale Socialist; the term ittihad and the adjective ittihadi also indicated, with the Morocco and of the attendance time of an important Jewish community, the institutions of the Alliance universal Jew
(D) jamahiriyya (جماهيرية): republic of the masses ( (D) to jamahir , the masses, is the plural of jumhur , the public, which gave (D) jumhuriyya , republic), neologism created by Mouammar Kadhafi to indicate the new political system of Libya, whose official designation is Grande Jamahiriya Arab popular Libyan woman and Socialist
kataëb : phalange, militia and Lebanese political party ", line Maronite extreme founded in 1936 and having for model the black Shirts mussoliniennes (at the same time; Shirts vertes" Moslem women, of the same inspiration, prevailed in Syria)
kifāya (كفايه): " that is enough! " , slogan of the Egyptian democratic opposition; opposition gathering all the political tendencies (nasserists, islamist, liberal and communist): to see the article concerning of movement
makhzen : the structure of being able of feudal type by which the Kingdom of Morocco is controlled, with at its head the king, to amir Al-mouminin , one also speaks about " mentality makhzénienne" , of " parties makhzéniens"
moudjahid : combatant, designates in Algérie the combatants of the Front of national release during the Guerre of Algeria, the term Moudjahiddin (مجاهد), used in the international mediums, designates the Afghans having fought the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, as well as the islamist volunteers, primarily Arab, left to fight in Bosnia-Herzégovine at the sides of the Bosnian army or in Chetchnia against the Russian army; in Iran, the Organization of Moudjahiddin of the People of Iran, or moudjahiddin khalq (khalq means people in farsi), is a clandestine political organization islamo-Marxist who fought the mode of the Shah and combat currently the islamist mode
moukhabarat : intelligence services of the Arab countries
Nahda : Arab cultural rebirth at the 19th century
naqba or nakba : catastrophe, defeat of the Arab armies against the militia Zionists in Palestine in 1948, and expulsion/exodus of the majority of the Arabs of the Jewish entity created by the division of Palestine and become the State of Israel
qawmiyya : nationalism, as in Al-qawmiyya Al “arabiyya , Arab Nationalism; the term qawmi within the meaning of " national" also exist in Ourdou, the anglophone media of Pakistan use the transcription qaumi , cf the name of the party Muhadjir Muttahida Qaumi Movement
ray : chair, indicated as well Gamal Abdel Nasser as Yasser Arafat or Saddam Hussein
shu°ubiyya : separatism not-Arabic; the neologism néo-shu°ubiyya is used by the Dutch political economist Leonard Biegel to indicate the alternative ideologies with the Panarabisme, of the type Phénicianisme, egyptianism (Egyptian nationalism proposing the nonArab past of the Egypt), large-syrianisme (Parti social Syrian nationalist)
taïfiyya : Communautarisme, confessionnalism (often used in connection with the Lebanon)
wataniyya : patriotism, relating to an official and supra-ethnic nation, and not to an supra-official nation of ethnic type, even if the term watan is also used to indicate the community of the Arab countries, Al watan Al arabi
zaïm : leader, was used as much to indicate Messali Hadj in Algeria of years 1940 that the colonel Abdul Karim Kassem (" Leader" , الزعيم) in Iraq of 1959 to 1961; in Lebanon, a zaïm is a chief of clan clientelist, plural zuama is also used to indicate the system of clannish and feudal clientelism to Lebanese the
zarda or zerda (pl. zroud ): with Morocco (and by extension in the Moroccan diaspora), great meal often organized during the electoral campaigns by a candidate to level the potential voters

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