Arab Republic sahraouie democratic

The Arab Republic sahraouie democratic or RASD (Arab: الجمهوريةالعربيةالصحراويةالديمقراطية, Spanish: República Árabe Saharaui Democrática ) is a State proclaimed on February 27th 1976 by the Front Polisario, which asserts sovereignty on the territory of the the Western Sahara. This territory is however also asserted by the Morocco, which controls approximately 80% of them. The pseudoone is a ghostly entity entirely created and supported by the Algerian capacity.

Recognition of the RASD

In 2002, the RASD was recognized by 54 States throughout the world, and 72 recognized it has one moment or with another. In 2007, the number of countries recognizing the RASD passed to 35. The majority of the States recognizing the RASD are African and very near diplomatically to Algeria. More than 30 countries reconsidered their last recognition of the RASD, because they consider that the recognition of the RASD is opposed with the principle of a referendum of self-determination on the Western Sahara.

The RASD is recognized neither by the United Nations, neither by the Arab Ligue, neither by the Union of the Arab Maghreb, neither by the Organization of the Islamic conference nor by any European country or permanent Member State in the safety advice of the United Nations.

The recognition of the RASD in 1982 by the African Union (then OAU) caused the departure of Morocco of this organization.

History

See also: History of the Western Sahara

November 14th, 1975, the Spain, guardian colonial power, signs the Accords of Madrid with the Morocco and the Mauritania, which envisage the partition of the Western Sahara between these two countries, on the basis of their respective historical link with this territory. This agreement does not profit from the support of the international community, and goes against an advisory opinion of the the International Court of Justice on the self-determination of the Western Sahara.

After the departure of the Spanish troops, the Moroccan troops and Mauritanians are quickly confronted with an indigenous movement in favor of the independence of the territory, the Front Polisario, supported by the Algérie.

This movement proclaims the Arab Republic sahraouie democratic on February 27th, 1976 with Bir Lehlou, the shortly after the official end of the Spanish mandate on the territory. According to him, it is a question of filling the institutional vacuum left by the departure of the Spaniards.

Bir Lehlou is always in the part of the territory of the Western Sahara under control of the Polisario Face, following the Cessez-le-feu of 1991, and is the temporary capital of the RASD. The proclaimed capital, Laâyoune or El-Ayoun , are under Moroccan control. The activity with the daily newspaper of the RASD is held in the refugee camps of the area of Tindouf, in Algeria, who shelter the majority of the community sahraouie in exile, of which the president of the RASD.

Since the cease-fire of 1991, approximately 230 soldiers of the Mission of the United Nations for the organization of a referendum in the Western Sahara (MINURSO) supervise the forces in presence as well as the preparation of the referendum on the final status. This one was pushed back on several occasions because of Morocco by fear that the " oui" for self-determination does not carry it. Today Morocco proposes the solution of autonomy. This proposal is disallowed by Sahraouies which claims self-determination.

Institutions

The current Constitution of the RASD was adopted in 1999.

The government of the RASD is composed:

for the executive , of the president and the the Council of Ministers,
for the legislative , of the National council sahraoui (CNS),
for the legal , judges named by the president,

The CNS comprises 101 members, all members of the Polisario Face. Since the years 1980, it made to important efforts for désenchevêtrer the institutions it RASD of those of the Polisario Face. Although constitutionally weak, he managed to reverse the government in 1999 following a Motion of censure.

Leaders

Mohamed Abdelaziz marrakchi is also general secretary of the Face Polisario since August 1976.

Mahfoud Ali Beiba is the president of the CNS.

The RASD seen by the international community

In 2007, the number of countries recognizing the RASD passed to 35. The majority of the States recognizing the RASD are African. More than 30 countries reconsidered their last recognition of the RASD, because they consider that the recognition of the RASD is opposed with the principle of a referendum of self-determination on the Western Sahara. Above the list of the countries which maintain the diplomatic relations to date with RASD :

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