Arab League

See also: League

The League of the Arab States (rear RTL جامعةالدولالعربية), called officially the Arab League , is an regional organization with statute of observer near the United Nations. It was founded the March 22nd 1945, with Alexandria, by seven countries and account today twenty-two Member States. The organization of the Arab League rests on four principal organizations: the Summit of the Heads of State, the Council of Ministers, Standing Committees and the General secretary directed by Amr Moussa since 2001. Moreover, various organizations were created pursuant to treaties which supplement the Pact of 1945 and several specialized agencies work in close cooperation with it.

History

The March 22nd 1945 with the Cairo, the Egypt, then opposed to the British project of the S of federation of the Arab States under their control, proposes a counter-project: the the Arab League . The League of the Arab States was founded by the Saudi Arabia, the Egypt, the Iraq, the Jordan, the Lebanon, the Syria and the Yemen of North. Association wants to affirm the union of the Arab nation and the independence of each one of its members.

As of its genesis, the league is divided into two camps with the political aimings opposite. There was on a side the agreement égypto-Saoudi - supporting the projects of independence - and other an axis Hachémite jordano-Iraqi, more favorable to a co-operation with the Britanique power, still main of many protectorates and mandate (Sudan, Palestine, Emirats, etc)

The action of the League is then directed against the interference of the European colonial powers in the area, then France and England. From 1948, the recent State of Israel will be also regarded as an exogenic entity in the Arab world and thus with the illegitimate presence. A great number of tops of the Arab League were held following specific events of the israélo-Palestinian and Arab conflict. One can note besides that the resolutions considered as most important of the institution relate to Palestine.

After the Crisis of Suez Canal, the kingdom Hachémite of Iraq falls, involving the backward flow of the influence of hachémite. Egypt strong of its success represents with Syria the nationalist axis of the Arab League, she was opposed to the monarchical axis and pro-Westerner carried out mainly by Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

The September 17th 1978, Egypt signs the Camp David agreements with Israel. The Ministers for the Arab League meet in 1979 with Baghdad to decide sanctions diplomatic and economic to inflict in Egypt. Iraq, contrary to its Arab neighbors, requires so that the economic sanctions not touch the Egyptian people, and present especially an aspect symbolic system. Thus the transfer of the seat of the league passes from the Cairo to Tunis. That deprives the league of its most powerful nation whose capital accommodated the seat and who provided a big part of the personnel what involves the fall of its influence. The September 10th 1990, 12 of the 21 members of the Arab League decide a fast transfer of the seat of the League of Tunis to the Cairo. In spite of the protests of the nine absent ones, the change takes place the October 31st 1990. An agreement is concluded the November 26th 1997, between the France and the League, which consists in granting the diplomatic statute to the Office that the Arab League installed with Paris since 1974 and governs its privileges and immunities on the French territory

Because of the prevalence of official sovereignty on the interest panarabe, the league did not prove reliable. Nearly sixty years after its creation, the questions of the periodicity of the Arab tops was still not distinct as well as procedure of the votes, obligatory nature of the decisions or the covering of the contributions.

In 2002, the Arab League, according to a proposal of the prince of Saudi Arabia Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, the Arab League works out the Arab Peace initiative, which is built around the idea of the introduction of a total peace in the Middle East: in exchange of a standardization of the relations between Israel and each country of the Arab League, Israel would withdraw itself from the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the plate of Golan. In 2007, at the Summit of Riyadh, this proposal is started again by a named resolution " Reactivation of the peace initiative arabe." Israel up to now refused to negotiate this initiative.

Name

The current Arab League could have been called “the Arab Coalition” according to the proposal of Syria or “the Arab Union” as Iraq wished it, the Égyptienne delegation as for it proposed the name of “the Arab League”, according to it the concept is more suitable as well on the linguistic level as political.

The participants ended up finding an area of agreement and called it “the league of the Arab States”.

Adhesion with the league

Article 01 of the charter of the league lays out that each independent Arab country has the right to adhere to the organization. The applicant country must for that deposit a request on the level of the permanent general secretary, the request will be studied by the council. There are thus two kinds of members; those which ratified the charter of the league, they are 7 and those which require their adhesion. The latter must meet certain conditions (the applicant country must be Arab and independent). The adhesion of the Somalia and Djibouti to the league had caused a polemic within the organization owing to the fact that the Arab is not the official language of the two new members. However the council of the league ended up accepting their candidatures have regard for “their Arab origins”. Iraq was opposed in 1961 to the accession of Kuwait under pretext that this country belonged to its territories, the Iraqi delegate even left the council to express its refusal. The candidature of Kuwait was finally accepted by the council which could not make differently, since article 07 of the charter stipulates that the unanimously adopted decisions must be applied by the Member States.

The loss of membership

Each Member State of the league has the right to be withdrawn on the condition of depositing a one year notice. The council does not require countries which withdraw explanations however it tries to include/understand the reasons which led them to be withdrawn to convince them to reconsider their decisions. If the league had suddenly amended its charter a Member State can withdraw itself if it does not approve the new amendments. The charter of the league envisages the exclusion of any Member State which would not respect its engagements, however exclusion must be unanimously marked and it is not irreversible since the excluded member can present one second candidature. A State can lose its membership if it loses his legal identity, that occurred in 1958 when the Egypt and the Syria decided to link their respective States to become “the United Arab Republic”, and in 1990 with the union of the south and the north of Yemen; a union which gave rise to the Arab Republic Yemeni Unie. However a country which loses its sovereignty remains full member. When the Kuwait was invaded in 1990 by the Iraq, that did not prevent it from being represented within the league.

Composition

Today made up of 22 members, it consisted of seven founding members:

  • Saudi Arabia
  • Syria
  • Jordan (it was initially about the Transjordanie having taken the name of Jordan with the annexation of the the West Bank in 1950 and returned in these initial borders of Transjordanie without changing name after the loss of the the West Bank in 1967).
  • (initially the Yemen of North, the Yemen of the south (1967))

To those were added:

The 22 Member States of the Arab League are also members of the Organization of the Islamic conference.

They represent a population of: 338583248 inhabitants and a GDP of 1148,171 billion dollars US.

General secretaries

Sit

Authorities

  • the Council of defense (Foreign Ministers and of Defense)
  • the Economic council (Ministers for the Economy)
  • Of the specialized Standing Committees (economy, culture, policy…)
  • Specialized agencies and autonomous creates in 1964 (the Arab Organization of work, the Postal Union, Union of telecommunications…)

Summits

29 tops were organized between 1946 and 2006 including 11 urgent:

See too

External bonds

  • Official site

  • Arab Card of synthesis ''
  • the Arab League
  • the Arab League
  • Simulation of the Arab League in Cairo

Be-X-old: Арабскаяліга Simple: Arab League

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