Aq Qoyunlu

The Ak Koyunlu or Aq Qoyunlu , also called White Sheep Turcomans (Turkmène: Azeri Akgoýunly , : Turkish Ağqoyunlu , : Akkoyunlu , Othoman Turkish / آققوینلو ), are a tribal Fédération of origin Turcomane which reigned on what is today Is Anatolia, the Arménie, the Azerbaïdjan, the north of the Iraq and the west of the Iran of 1378 with 1508.

According to the Chronic S of the Byzantine Empire, Turcomans Moutons White is present in Anatolia since at least 1340, and the majority of the chiefs of Turcomans Moutons White, including the founder of the Dynastie, Kara Osman, married with Byzantine Princesse S.

Turcomans Moutons White acquire officially grounds in 1402, when Tamerlan offers all to them the Diyar Bakr, in the north of Iraq. For one long period, Turcomans Moutons White are unable to extend their territories, because their rivals the Turcomans Black sheep hold them remotely. However, that will change under the reign of Uzun Hassan, which demolishes the chief of Turcomans Black sheep, Jahān Shāh, in 1467.

After the defeat of a chief Timouride, Abu Saïd, Uzun Hassan manage to take Baghdad, as well as territories along the Persian Gulf. It also extends its territory in Iran far, in the east, until the Khorasan. However, around this period, the Ottoman Empire seeks to extend from the east coast. It is a serious threat which forces Turcomans Moutons White to form an alliance Militaire with the Qaramanide S of Anatolia of the center.

As of 1464, Uzun Hassan requires of the military aid of one of the most powerful enemies of the Ottoman Empire, Venice. However, in spite of the Venetian promise, this help never arrives, and has as a consequence a defeat of Uzun Hassan vis-a-vis the Othomans with Tercan in 1473, although that does not destroy Turcomans Moutons White.

Yaqub, which reigns of 1478 with 1490, maintains the dynasty for a little more time, but following its death Turcomans Moutons White start with entretuer, and following internal struggles, they cease being a threat for their neighbors.

The Safavide S, which are Shiite S, start to sap the allegiance of several Turcomans Moutons White. Safavides and Turcomans Moutons White meet with the battle of Nakhichevan in 1501, and the chief of Safavides Ismail Ier force Turcomans Moutons White to withdraw itself.

During his retirement vis-a-vis Safavides, the chief of Turcomans Moutons White Alwand destroys a State Turcoman Moutons White autonomous with Mardin. The last of the chiefs of Turcomans White Sheep, Murād, brother of Alwand, is also demolishes by the same Safavide chief. Although Murād is briefly established in Baghdad in 1508, it must be withdrawn soon from Diyar Bakr, thus announcing the end of Turcomans Moutons White.

The confederation widens its field with the major part of the Iraq and in the North-West of the Iran in second half of the 15th century, thanks to the weakening of the Timourides and with the absorption of the territory of the Qara Qoyunlu rival in 1468, establishing shortly after its capital with Tabriz.

It was demolished in 1508 by the Séfévides of Iran, also of origin turkmene.

List sovereigns Aq Qoyunlu

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