April 1989

the éphéméride | all on April and 1989.

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Saturday the 1st er April 1989

  • Austria: Funeral national of former and last empress of Austria, Zita of Bourbon-Parma or Zita de Habsbourg, wife of the emperor Charles Ier of Austria, in the Saint-Etienne Cathedral of Vienna, and celebrated by the Groer cardinal, surrounded by two other cardinals and thirteen bishops.
  • Namibia: About sixteen hundred guerillas of SWAPO infiltrate since the Angola in the north of the country, in violation of the agreements conclude in New York, on December 22nd, 1988. The Namibian and South-African armed forces take them in hunting, by killing a hundred and fifty as of the first day. They definitively will be driven out country on January 11th after other violent ones combat carried out on a face of 300 km.

Sunday April 2nd 1989

  • Cuba - Soviet Union: The president of the USSR Mikhaïl Gorbatchev pays a four days official visit. A “treaty of friendship and co-operation” is signed for five years and renewable until 2014.
  • Haiti: The troops of the Dessalines barracks and the crack corps of the Léopards are mutinent against the general Prosper April.
  • Hungary: The Left independence, founded in 1947 and removed in 1948, is recreated. Its currency is “ God, fatherland, freedom ”.
  • Slovenia (ex-Yugoslavia): For the first time since the war, election by the vote for all of Janez Drnovsek as a representative of the country within the presidency of the Yugoslav State. According to the principle of rotation, it became, on May 15th, Head of the State for one year.
  • Tunisia: Presidential elections and anticipated legislatures.

Monday April 3rd 1989

  • Basque Country: The ETA announces the rupture of the truce of the attacks which she had issued the last January 8th.
  • Soviet Union - France: The Minister for French Defense, Jean-Pierre Chevènement carries out in Soviet Union a four days official visit. The last official visit goes up in 1977.

Tuesday April 4th 1989

  • NATO: The fortieth birthday of the signature of the Treaty of the North Atlantic is marked by an extraordinary meeting of the Council of the North Atlantic and by various ceremonies with the head office of NATO and in the capitals of the Member States

Wednesday April 5th 1989

  • Kampuchea - Vietnam: The Vietnamese government announces the complete withdrawal of its troops of Kampuchea for the end September 1989.
  • France:
    • the political parties of right-hand side, RPR and UDF, publicly announces a “declaration of union” for a joint list to the European elections.
    • the executive office of the socialist party indicates Laurent Fabius like chief candidate for the European elections.
  • Great Britain - Soviet Union: Of return, of Cuba, the president of the USSR Mikhaïl Gorbatchev pays a three days official visit. He invites officially the Queen Elizabeth to go to Moscow for an official visit; what it accepts.
  • Haiti: Following the mutinies of soldiers, the State of emergency is issued.
  • Lebanon - France: The French Minister for the Foreign affairs, Roland Dumas, sends to Beirut, for a three days mission, Jean-François Deniau, vice-president of the Commission of the Foreign affairs of the National Assembly.
  • Poland: Institutional reforms and trade-union: signature of the agreements known as of the “roundtable” between the communist capacity, the trade union Solidarity and the Catholic church. This historical agreement envisages the legalization of Solidarność and the free participation of the opposition to the next elections envisaged next June 4th and 18th.

Thursday April 6th 1989

Friday April 7th 1989

  • Lebanon - France: France makes install for Lebanon, the ship-hospital “ Rancid the ” and the tanker “ Penhors ”, but are blocked with Cyprus while waiting for the authorization of the Syrian government.
  • Norway - Soviet Union: Shipwreck of the Underwater nuclear Soviet “Komsomolets”, off the coasts of the country by 1.600 meters basic. To the assessment, 42 died and disappeared among the 69 men from the crew.
  • European Union: The “European Greens” join together their fifth congress with Paris.

Saturday April 8th 1989

  • France: Meeting of the National council of RPR which decides favorably for a list of union of the opposition led by the former president Valery Giscard d'Estaing.
  • Georgia (Soviet ex-Union): In the capital Tbilissi, more than ten thousand people express their support for the two hundred hunger strikers who protest against the claims secessionists of the autonomous Republic of Abkhazie. At the time of the riots of the night which face the curfew, the police force employs gases innervants and kills nearly 50 people.

Sunday April 9th 1989

  • France: The movement of the 32 renovating RPR-UDF entreat Valery Giscard d'Estaing, which must lead the list of union of the opposition, of “tightening the torch with a new team”.
  • Georgia (Soviet ex-Union): Following the riots of the night, after four days of tension and to the police repression which made approximately 50 died, the Soviet minister Edouard Chevardnadze, from origin géorgienne and former first secretary of the PC géorgien, on the spot comes to realize. The Abkhazie requires its detachment of Georgia and its promotion in sixteenth federate republic of the Soviet Union. Géorgiens sees there the attempt of PCUS to break their own nationalist aspirations with independence.
  • Tunisia: Vote general Amnistie.
  • Soviet Union: With the secon turn of the elections to the Congress of the deputies of the people, for whom it remained to provide 64 district out of 1.500, the partisans of Mikhaïl Gorbatchev carry it with Moscow and Leningrad (Saint-Petesbourg)

Monday April 10th 1989

  • Haiti: Following the mutinies of soldiers since January 2nd and the State of emergency issued on January 5th, the general Prosper April control again the situation.
  • Israel: Palestinian is assassinated by a group of Jewish extremists of the sect of the Sicaires.
  • Tunisia: Small cabinet reshuffle.

Tuesday April 11th 1989

  • Lebanon - France: Beginning of the “humane mission”, the “operation Acanthus” organized by the French Secretary of State to the humanitarian action, Bernard Kouchner to organize the repatriation of wounded the more gravements reached, in Christians majority. But launched in the improvisation it will be transformed into diplomatic fiasco. From March 14th to 18th, Bernard Kouchner is taken under the fire of the ramming of the Syrian army and must remain ground, with the ambassador in the concreted shelter of the residence of France with Beirut.
  • Namibia: The last guerillas of SWAPO infiltrated since January 1st in the north of the country, in violation of the agreements conclude in New York, on December 22nd, 1988, définitement are définitement driven back after violent one engagements by the Namibian and South-African armed forces. The blue helmets of the United Nations carry out their repatriation.

Wednesday April 12th 1989

  • France:
    • Decision of the construction of the future “large library”.
    • a demonstration of twelve thousand people, organized with Bastia is followed violent one confrontations with the police force.
  • Lebanon - France: After the French president François Mitterrand had stated “ France is the friend of Lebanese of all confessions, of all the communities ”, and after France had buried its proposal for a sasine of the Safety advice of UNO, the Syrian government gives the authorization to the two ships of the French marine, blocked with Cyprus, to come to cross off the Lebanese coasts. They will arrive on the spot as of on April 13rd.
  • Ulster: with Warrenpoint in the County of Down, an young girl is killed and 31 others wounded in front of a police station at the time of an car bomb attack made by I.R.A. - Provisional which will present its excuses to have reached civilians because the car exploded before the hour envisaged and the publication of the bomb scares.

Thursday April 13rd 1989

  • West Germany: Announces of a cabinet reshuffle: Gerhard Stoltenberg becomes Minister for Defense and Theodor Waigel replaces it with the ministry for Finances.
  • the United States - Nicaragua: The Room of the representatives and the Senate vote a help of 49,7 million dollars for the Contras anti-Sandinistas.
  • Sri Lanka: with Triconmalee, 41 people are killed and of many others wounded are victims of an bomb attack made by the Tigres Tamouls.

Friday April 14th 1989

  • Georgia (Soviet ex-Union): Following the riots of the night from April 8th to 9th and the police repression which made approximately 50 died, the three principal leaders are thorough with the resignation.
  • Lebanon: Until April 18th, the artillerists of the Syrian army, block the French Secretary of State, Bernard Kouchner, in the concreted shelter of the residence of France with Beirut, finally obliging it to come several times to Beirut - Western to negotiate the repatriation of wounded of the two camps most seriously reached. The general Michel Aoun commented on the attitude of France: “ That which wants to help the victim does not require the permission of the torturer ” whereas Rony Brauman, the president of Doctors without borders declared: “ the humanitarian aid should not always hold place of policy of substitution ”, and that the press of Beirut was ironical about “ France which does not have the means of its generosity ”.

Saturday April 15th 1989

  • China: Death of the former general secretary of the Chinese Communist party, Hu Yaobang (soixante-treize years). At the time of the following days, the public homages on the Place Tian' anmen to Beijing, are transformed into demonstrations against Deng Xiaoping.
  • Great Britain: A generalized brawl bursts at the stage of Sheffield between the supporters of Liverpool and Nottingham - Forest, at the time of the semi-final of the Cut of England.
  • Lebanon: The first fourteen wounded Christians are evacuated on board ship-hospital “the Rancid one”. Eleven of them will be transferred in the plane towards France
  • El Salvador: A French nurse is assassinated by the Death squads.

Sunday April 16th 1989

  • Lebanon: The Syrian artillery intensifies its shootings killing this day 46 people of which the ambassador of Spain Pedro Manuel of Aristegui and three of its close relations whose Christian Lebanese writer Youssef Awwad, however they sheltered in the concreted shelter.
  • Uruguay: The amnesty in favor of the marked soldiers of violation of the human rights, voted in 1986 by the Parliament is ratified by Référendum with 53% of the votes cast.
  • France: Birth of Retnuts

Monday April 17th 1989

  • France: The serial killer, assassin of old women, Thierry Paulin, stopped on December 1st, 1987 die of the AIDS at the hospital of Fresnes.
  • Lebanon - France: The Secretary of State Bernard Kouchner, obtains to a “total agreement” of the Moslem government pro-Syrian of Salim Hoss on the evacuation of the casualties.
  • Poland:
    • Solidarność is officially legalized.
    • the president George H.W. Bush announces a plan of economic aid of a billion dollar and request to the Congress to grant to Poland the statute of “most favoured nation” and declares: “ the United States never accepted the legitimacy of the division of Europe. ”
  • European Union: Jacques Delors presents a report/ratio to the European Council of Luxembourg in order to further go that EMS. It envisages the realization of the economic Union and monetarist in three phases. April 19th, the British Labor daily newspaper The Guardian wonders about the risk, with this plan, to contribute to create two-speed Europe.

Tuesday April 18th 1989

  • Lebanon - France: The French president François Mitterrand request with Mikhaïl Gorbatchev to intervene with Syria to stop the shootings of Syrian artillery. 77 wounded Moslems seriously reached are embarked with Saïda on board French ship-hospital “the Rancid one”.
  • Poland: The first maintenance between Lech Walesa and the General Jaruzelski. They had not been re-examined since November 4th, 1981 before the introduction of the “state of war”.

Wednesday April 19th 1989

  • France: The National Assembly votes the relative bill with the transparency of the financial market. The capacities of COB are reinforced and the mechanisms of tender offer are modified.
  • Basque Country: Beginning of a series of arrests of terrorists of the ETA in France. 19, seven of them are stopped with Saint-Jean-with-Luz and others are stopped from March 20th to 24th with Ciboure, Pau, Mauléon and Hendaye.

Thursday April 20th 1989

  • the Vatican: The pope Jean-Paul II receives Lech Wałęsa for the fourth time. The day before, the Holy Father, at the time of a special prayer with Notre-Dame de Jasna Gora, queen of Poland, had required: “I recommend Solidarność to you, which, today, can again act; I recommend to you the process related to this event ready to reorganize the life of the nation according to the laws of the sovereign company. ”

Friday April 21st 1989

  • Filipino: with Manila, a colonel of the American army is assassinated by the terrorists of the Nouvelle Army of the People.

Saturday April 22nd 1989

  • France:
    • Laurent Fabius, president of the National Assembly, refuses to let observe one minute of silence to the memory of the four gendarmes assassinated with the axe and the shotgun, by Canaques rioters, at the time of the drama of Fayaoué (New Caledonia), the April 22nd 1988.
    • With Lille, seventh congress of CDS over two days.
  • Senegal - Mauritania: Following a press campaign sénégalaise denouncing Mauritania like a slave country, practitioner persecutions and the massacres of the black populations, Senegalese crowd plunder the stores of the Mauritanians with Dakar. As of the following day, the confrontations degenerate with Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania, on the other side of the river Senegal. It is about a new episode of an ancestral hatred between “Masters Mauritanians” - Arab Moors Moslem, the Beïdanes, stockbreeders wandering and slave - and “slaves Senegalese” - black people Wolofs, Toucouleurs and Peuls, peasants and stockbreeders, Moslems or Christians. During, ten days, on the two sides of the borders, violences, slaughters and plunderings will paralyze the two capitals and will cause the death of almost 300 people. In Nouakchott, of the Senegaleses in escape are cut the throat of and in Dakar, of the Mauritanians are mutilated and lapidated.

Sunday April 23rd 1989

  • China: Students of the five large universities of which those of Beijing and Qinghua start the general strike.
  • France: The Minister for National defense firmly opposes the reduction project of the budget of Defense to 400 billion FF instead of the 470 billion initially planned for the period 1990-1993. A compromise is finally found in the following days with the Prime Minister Michel Rocard. The line shows the Socialist government to use the budget of National defense like “variable of adjustment” of the general budget.

Monday April 24th 1989

Tuesday April 25th 1989

  • China: Following the funeral of former general secretary of the Chinese Communist party, Hu Yaobang, the public homages on the Place Tian' anmen to Beijing, is transformed into demonstrations against Deng Xiaoping, to see Manifestations of the place Tian' anmen. The authorities lanent a warning with the “troublemakers”.
  • Japan: Within the framework of the Business Recruit-Cosmos, the Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita, splashed by the scandal, is thorough with its resignation. Its former private secretary Ihei Aoki is found committed suicide the following day.
  • Soviet Union: Following the last elections, at the time of the plenum of the Central committee of PCUS, a hundred and ten members, famous “preserving” resign collectively. They are immediately replaced by 24 co-opted novel members.

Wednesday April 26th 1989

Thursday April 27th 1989

  • China: Demonstration of more than five hundred and thousand students in the center of Beijing.
  • France: CDS indicates Simone Weil to lead their list to the European elections.
  • Lebanon: The the Arab League, joins together with Tunis, proclaims a “final” Cessez-le-feu with coming into effect as of on April 28th.
  • Namibia: In margin of the joint commission on Namibia which is held with the Cape in South Africa, the president Pieter Botha receives officially a Soviet delegation.

Friday April 28th 1989

  • Belgium: In the Business of the stage of Heysel, which it on May 29th, 1985, whose brawls between English and Italian supporters, made 39 had died and 600 wounded, the magistrates' court of Brussels condemn 14 British supporters to three years of prison of which ten-month with deferment. Eleven others supporters are discharged.
  • the Vatican: Beginning of a pastoral voyage nine days of the pope Jean-Paul II in the countries of the Indian Ocean and Eastern Africa. First visit with Madagascar, and the Meeting, in Zambia and with the Malawi.

Saturday April 29th 1989

Sunday April 30th 1989

  • Italy: Death of Sergio Leone (60 years), scenario writer and Italian realizer
  • Mauritania: France sets up a military airlift which in the following days will make it possible to evacuate more than 70.000 French nationals and Senegalese.

During the month

  • Sudan: The rebels of the south of the SPLA take Bor, one of the main cities of the south of the country.

Simple: 1989 Zh-min-nan: 1989 nor

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