Apollo 11

The mission Apollo 11 is the first to have led human S on the the Moon. It is the third mission to have approached the Moon, after Apollo 8 and Apollo 10, and the inhabited fifth of the Programme Apollo. Impetus the July 16th 1969, Apollo 11 carries the commander Neil Armstrong, the pilot of the module of order Michael Collins and the pilot of the Lunar module Edwin " Buzz" Aldrin. The July 21st, Armstrong and Aldrin become the first men to be gone on the the Moon, while Collins is in orbit around the star.

Apollo 11 achieves the will of the president John F. Kennedy, marked in a speech in 1961, which was to be posed on the Moon before the end of the Années 1960: " I believe that this nation should itself achieve the goal, before the end of this decade, to pose a man on the Moon and to bring back it healthy and except on Earth ".

Crew

Primary education crew

Crew of replacement

Equip with support

Flight directors

  • Cliff Charlesworth (launching and Activity extravéhiculaire)
  • Glynn Lunney
  • Gene Kranz (Lunar landing)
  • Milt Windler

Mission

  • Takeoff the July 16th 1969 of Cap Canaveral
  • Release of the terrestrial orbit after 2:33
  • Accession with the lunar orbit after 75h50
  • Separation of the lunar module " Eagle" after 101h36
  • It is posed after 102h45 in the Mer of Peace (after an approach in manual piloting prolonged because of a too broken initial site)
  • First steps on the the Moon after 109h24 by Armstrong is the July 21st 1969 with 3:56 (French hour), in front of million amazed televiewers listening to the first impressions of Neil Armstrong
  • Installation of reflectors Laser out of aluminum. The perpendicular with this reflectors was to be directed towards the Earth with 5° close and was used to calculate the distance the Ground-Moon since terrestrial observatory S
  • Installation of a Sismomètre
  • Récolte of 21,7 kg samples of lunar ground
  • Sorties extravéhiculaires 2:31, representing 250 m approximately traversed
  • the LEM joined the module of order and the Apollo capsule remained in lunar orbit with Collins on board
  • Décollage after 124h22 (after 21:36 passed on the Moon)
  • Aterrissage in the Pacifique after 195h18

Anecdotes

  • the site planned for the landing was exceeded of 7 km because of a delay from some 1/10 of second to the lighting of the engine of descent of the LEM, moreover pilots were obstructed by alarms of the computer which managed the descent because it was saturated. For these reasons, Neil Armstrong had to take the manual control of the lunar module in order to find a site adapted better. That prolonged the flight in a dangerous way, since there remained nothing any more but 16 fuel seconds at the time when the apparatus was posed.
  • on July 21st, the Soviet probe Luna 15, which was to also bring back Moon samples, was crushed on the lunar ground after 52 revolutions around the star, testifying to the advance taken by the Americans in the race with space.
  • Of the “conspirationnists” blamed the veracity of the exploit: to see Charge of hoax of the program Apollo
  • When Buzz Aldrin went up in the lunar module, it broke the switch making it possible to start the engines of the apparatus. As it was about a pushbutton, he made use of the point of a pen to engage it, and make it possible to the two astronauts to leave the Moon.

Quotations

  • Neil Armstrong: “That' S one small step for (¹ has) man, one giant leap for mankind. ” (“It is a small step for a man, but a jump of giant for humanity. ”)

¹ During the transmission on line, in consequence of a light disturbance, the article has (one) in front of man was lost. He was however reintroduced in the official report of the mission.

Culture

In Objective the Moon and One went on the Moon , Hergé sends its hero Tintin on the Moon.

The account is rather credible scientifically (low lunar gravity, space weightlessness, etc). However, technology is much higher in Tintin, since the rocket is been driven by an atomic engine, which enables him to maintain gravity artificial while accelerating or decelerating continuously, and what also enables him to travel much more quickly (a few hours).

It is interesting to note that these Cartoons was written well before 1969 (1954). The account, the decorations, the contexts technique and scientist depicted by these works are very close to a former American film, Destination Moon of Irving Pichel (1950).

Cinema, to also see: Operation the Moon

Novel: Of the Earth to the Moon (1865) of Jules Verne.

Internal bond

External bonds

  • Site of NASA celebrating the thirtieth birthday of the mission.
  • Site of NASA on the Apollo program.

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2411548770836462608&hl=fr a video of the theory of the plot



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