Anzin
Anzin is a Commune Frenchwoman, located in the department of the Northern and the area Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
Its inhabitants is called Anzinois.
Geography
Anzin is located in the transborder area of the Hainaut, to approximately 20 km of the Belgian border .The communes bordering are Valencian in the south, Small-Forest in the west, Beuvrages and Bruay-on-the Scheldt in north and Saint-Saulve in the east.
Anzin is bordered by the the Scheldt which forms its limit with Saint-Saulve. It culminates with 95 meters with the mount of Anzin.
Blazon
Of sand to the four ordered money keys 2 and 2.The currency associated with this blazon east “Links and alit” (Burns and nourishes) in reference to the coal whose city drew its subsistence. It was replaced by a new currency: “Anzin, a mine of energy”.
History
Origins
Even if the site of Anzin were probably inhabited as of the Préhistoire, very few vestiges remain of this time, except some objects of the Bronze Age. A temple dedicated to Isis would have been built on the Mount of Anzin at the time of the Conquête of Gaules, then destroyed into 369 by the emperor Valentinien Ier.The ethymology of the name Anzin is dubious; it could come from the name of this temple, or a name of anybody: Aze, name running to the German S, or Anzenix, Saxon chief who conquered the area towards 96 av JC. The orthography varied much: Asinium, Azing, Ansaing, sometimes until the center of the same document, which brought assumptions on the existence of two villages, one located on the Mount of Anzin, the other on banks of the Scheldt.
A small village close to Valencians
The village of Anzin is quoted for the first time into 877 under the name of Asinium in the act by which Charles the bald person makes gift with the Ermentrude girl of it, abbess of Hasnon.At that time, the area belongs to the Lotharingie, one of the frank Royaumes resulting from the division of the empire of Charlemagne, and was allotted to Charles the Bald person by the Traité of Meerssen. That Ci makes of it a hereditary stronghold, the Comté of Hainaut.
In 880, Hainaut undergoes the invasions of the Normands, the abbey of Hasnon is destroyed. The Traité of Ribemont attaches the area to the Germanie; the the Scheldt constitutes the border. The history of the village consequently follows the history of the Comté of Hainaut and more particularly of that Valencian.
See also: County of Hainaut
A Castle-extremely is built in XIe century by Jehan d' Anzaing, uncle of the count de Hainaut.
In 1065, Baudouin Ier de Hainaut restores the Abbaye of Hasnon, and confirms in 1067 the donation of Anzin to the abbey.
In 1678, following the wars of conquest of Louis XIV, Valencians and her suburbs are attached to France by the Traité of Nimègue.
The discovery of coal
Fastening in France poses problem with some industries established in the area: their provisioning of coal in the Borinage is complicated and increased by the fact that it is on the other side of the border, with the Austrian Netherlands. Among these industrialists, the Désandrouin family has a Verrerie with Fresnes. The Viscount Desandrouin is convinced that the vein of the carboniferous layer continues in the basement French side and obtains the authorization into 1716 to start research. One finds in Anzin the first layer of exploitable Houille of the area in 1734. The Compagnie of the mines of Anzin is created in 1757.
See also: Field of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais
This discovery transforms Anzin into an industrial town where settle Verrerie S, Fonderie S and Laminoir S. At the XIXe century, the Grève S of minors will be numerous, and will have of great importance in the birth of the trade unionism. Most known are the “strike of the Four pennies” and the “great strike of the minors of Anzin”, which gathered 40.000 hanging strikers 46 days and during which Emile Zola will come to be documented for its novel Germinal.
The industrial town
At the end of the XIXe century, several steel-works are established in Anzin: the Forging mills and Steel-works of Denain-Anzin, which will become Usinor, and the Scheldt-and-Meuse company which will become Vallourec.End of the mines and the iron and steel industry
In the years 1970, after the closing of the mines, the Sidérurgie is also in crisis. The factories close one after the other.Nowadays, the rehabilitation of the city continues: the industrial waste lands are transformed into green areas, the tram replaces the line of Railroad of Coal mining.
Certain districts belong to the Free urban zone valley of the Scheldt.
Places and monuments
Museum
- the Museum of Theophilus-Jouglet coal mining, recalls the history of the mine in the area of 1720 with 1983. It has in particular a collection of paintings of Artiste S of the XVIIIe century such Jonas, Steinlein, Meunier or Méreaux representing the work conditions, mentalities and the daily life of the population.
Monuments
- the Dampierre castle, named in remembering the general Dampierre.
- the Municipal Theater (1932).
Places of worship
- the church Holy-Bores is located in the district of, the street Town hall of the martyrs, commonly called street of the church by the anzinois. Several times rebuilt on the same site, it is reproduced there already on a plan going back to 1731. In 1784, the first stone is posed of what is then the church Saint-Jean-Baptist. This church will be destroyed in 1918, at the end of the First World War. The rebuilt church will be dedicated to Sainte Beard, owner of the minor S. the Chemin of cross of the church is composed of tables of Lucien Jonas.
- the Saint-Vincent-of-Paul church is located in the district of Bleuse-Limits. After the discovery of coal, the establishment of the mines and iron and steel industry led to the development of this district, located at 3 km of the church Holy-Jean-Baptist. When, in 1859, it was a question of contruire a temple protesting in the district, the catholics considered there the construction of a new church, and little time after, a vault was built on a ground placed at the disposal by the Scheldt-and-Meuse factory, which became a parish only in 1901.
- evangelic Church
- Church of the Saints of the Last Days
Personalities related to the commune
Artists born in Anzin
- Crow Theunissen (1863-1918) sculptor
- Lucien Jonas, (1880-1915) painter
- Constant Moyaux (1835-1911), Architect
- Aime Blaise (1877-1961), sculptor
- Jules France (1920-1995), engraver on Medal S
- Robert Barillot (1921-2001), sculptor
Personalities of the Mines of Anzin
- Jacques Désandrouin (1682-1761), industrial Belgian at the origin of discovered coal with Anzin.
- the Matthieu family, which directed the Compagnie of the mines of Anzin.
- Emile Basly (1854-1928), trade unionist.
- Pierre of Buat (1734-1809) finishes his career of engineer as director of the company of the Mines of Anzin.
Sportsmen
- Louis Thiétard, runner professional cyclist of 1932 to 1950, was born there.
Authors devoting a work to Anzin
-
After the great strike of the minors in 1884, Emile Zola will take as a starting point its visit with Anzin for its Romance Germinal .
- At the same time Jules Mousseron evoked it in many poems.
- the film That begins today, of Bertrand Tavernier, was turned in a nursery school of Anzin, which bears from now on its name.
Transport
Administration
Teaching
The city counts 5 nursery schools and 5 elementary schools.
Anzin also counts a private elementary school, the School of the Sacred Heart. Anzinois depend on the town of Valencian for the colleges and colleges.
Sports and leisures
- the USVA (Sporting union Valencian Anzin) was creates in 1916.
- Sports association Anzin Athletics
- Theater of Anzin
Twinnings
Demography
Sources
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