Antonio de Mendoza
See also: Mendoza (homonymy)
Antonio de Mendoza , third count de Tendilla (1495, Grenade - 1552, Lima), was the first Vice-roi of the News-Spain, 1535 with 1549, and the third Viceroy of the Peru of 1550 with 1552.
Mendoza is resulting from a family of officers and servants from the State. After three noble of high-row declined the offer of the station of Viceroy of News-Spain, gift Antonio takes up the challenge. It had been used with value for the Court like as an ambassador in Hungary.
Viceroy of News-Spain
He becomes Vice-roi in 1535 and will control during 15 years, much longer than any of his successors.
Défits of its mandate
On its arrival in News-Spain coldly, it finds a colony conquered with the catches with Indian risings and competitions between the conquerors. Its pensum will be to control in the name of the King without being made enemies of people such as Hernán the Cortes, that the Emperor Charles Quint and the Conseil of the Indies judge too lout to make a Duke of it or to even give him a station higher than that of Captain-General. It also received mandate to increase the royal incomes and to regulate the problems with the Indians.
Continuation of the exploration of the New-World
It requests Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to organize a forwarding aiming exploring and at populating the grounds in the north of News-Spain between 1540 and 1542 and Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo to make in the same way on the west coast of High California ( Alta California , current States of the Nevada, Arizona, Utah and Wyoming) between 1542 and 1543, like with Ruy López de Villalobos with the Filipino at the same time.
Education and culture
Gift Antonio and Juan de Zumárraga collaborate in the foundation of two great institutions of Mexico: the Colegio de Santa Cruz with Tlatelolco (1536), where the sons of noble the Aztèque S will study Latin, rhetoric, philosophy and the music, as well as the royal and pontifical Université of Mexico (1552), on the model of the Université of Salamanque, which trains young people for the Church. This last institution is the second university founded in America. In 1536, it begins the striking of the copper and silver coins, known under the name of macuquinas . According to its instructions, the first press is imported in the New-World in 1539, by the printer Juan Pablos (Giovanni Paoli). The first book printed in Mexico City east entitled the escala of San Juan Climoca . The May 18th 1541, gift Antonio founds the town of Valladolid (today Morelia in the State of the Michoacan). Between 1541 and 1542, it mixed liability company a work recalling the history of the Aztec , which will be named later Codex Mendoza.
Insurrections
In 1542, formidable a Insurrection of the natives, called war of Mixton , is repressed. The March 25th 1544, Mendoza promulgates the Leyes Nuevas (new laws), inspired by the brother Bartolomé of mow Casas, with an aim of attenuating the weight for the Indians of the systematic forced labor. Mendoza has neither the means however nor the will to make apply these laws vis-a-vis the radical opposition of the partisans of the Encomienda. When at Mexico City the news arrives that a civil war burst with the Peru following similar reforms, it makes suspend and cancel the new laws.
Nevertheless, Mendoza has sympathy to the Indians and will make much to improve their fate. In 1547, it convenes an ecclesiastical conference to treat condition of the Indians, with the assistance of mow Casas. It fixes a maximum number of hours during which they can be employed in the mines, orders that wages with the free Indians are paid and protect the Indian grounds from the appropriation by the Spaniards.
In 1548, he subdues the insurrection of the Zapotèques.
During its mandate, Mendoza consolidated the sovereignty of the Crown on the conquests in News-Spain, while limiting the capacity and the ambitions of the first Conquistadors.
Honest and able viceroy, it controls with justice, effectiveness and some compassion. A great number of the political and economic rules that it established will last all the colonial period. He encouraged the construction of hospital and schools, supported the improvements in agriculture, breeding and mining. He made much to bring peace and stability in News-Spain.
Luis of Velasco succeeds to him as Vice-roi of News-Spain on November 25th 1550.
Viceroy of Peru
The July 4th 1549 with Brussels, the Emperor Charles V had given the choice to Mendoza between the viceroyalty of News-Spain and that of Peru; he chooses the latter. He travels through the grounds of Mexico in Panamá, then by boat to Peru. It there arrives and takes its functions the November 25th 1550. However, it falls soon sick and dies in 1552. It rests in the cathedral of Lima, as well as the Spanish conqueror of Peru, Francisco Pizarro.
It is in its honor that a county of California names Comté of Mendocino.
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