Antoine Meillet
Paul Jules Antoine Meillet , born the November 11th 1866 with Mills, To combine, dead the September 21st 1936 with Châteaumeillant, Expensive, is the main thing linguist French first decades of the 20th century.
Biography
Of origin bourbonnaise, wire of a notary of Châteaumeillant (Expensive), it makes its secondary studies with the college Theodore-of-Banville Moulins. Studying with the Faculty of Arts of Paris starting from 1885, it follows in particular the courses of Louis Havet to the Sorbonne, of Michel Bréal with the Collège de France and of Ferdinand de Saussure with the practical École of the high studies. In 1890, mission a one year in the the Caucasus enables him to study the Armenian modern. Its return in France, it ensures following Saussure the course of compared Grammaire, which it supplements as from 1894 by a conference on the Iranian .
In 1897, it supports its thesis for the Doctorat arts ( Recherches on the use of the genitive-accusative into old man-Slavic ). In 1902, it obtains the pulpit of Armenian of the École of the Eastern languages. In 1905, it occupies the pulpit of grammar compared with the Collège de France, where it devotes its courses to the history and the structure of the Indo-European Langues.
Secretary of the Company of linguistics of Paris, it is elected with the Académie of the inscriptions and the humanities in 1924. It formed a whole generation of French linguists, among whom Emile Benveniste, Marcel Cohen, Georges Dumézil, André Martinet, Aurélien Sauvageot, Lucien Tesnière, Joseph Vendryes, and it is him which discovered Gustave Guillaume.
He also influenced a certain number of foreign linguists. He is in particular the inspirer of the definition of the sentence adopted by the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield. He was also the first to identify the phenomenon of the Grammaticalisation.
Antoine Meillet and Homeric studies
In the Sorbonne, Meillet supervises the work of Milman Parry. In 1923, one year before Milman Parry does not begin its work with Meillet, Meillet writes this (quoted in the first of the two theses of Milman Parry, namely, that which treats Homeric epithet ):
“The Homeric epopee entirely made up of formulas, is transmitted of poet as a poet. An examination of any passage will reveal quickly that it is made of worms and fragments of worms which are reproduced word for word in one or in several other passages. And even of the worms, of which the parts are not found in another passage, have character of a formula, and it is without any doubt by a mere chance which they are not attested elsewhere. ”
Meillet offers to its student the opinion, news at this time, that the formulaïque structure of Iliade would be a direct consequence of its oral transmission. Thus it directs it towards the study of orality within its native framework and suggests to him observing the mechanisms of an alive oral tradition beside the traditional text ( Iliade ) which one has supposed to result from such a tradition. Consequently, Meillet presents Parry to Matija Murko, scientist originating in Slovenia which had lengthily written on the epic heroic tradition in the Balkans, especially in Bosnia-Herzégovine. Starting from its possible research, whose results are now lodged by the University of Harvard, Parry and its pupil, Albert Lord, deeply renewed the Homeric studies.
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