Antirétroviral

A antirétroviral (ARV) is a class of Médicament S used for the treatment of the Infection S related to the Rétrovirus. The difficulty encountered in the development of these compounds is of the same type as that met for the anti-cancer molecules: specificity. Indeed, the retroviruses have only very few molecules which theirs are clean. They parasitize the cellular machinery and divert it. To block the machinery of transcription of the healthy cells to block that of the retrovirus amounts killing these healthy cells. This is why the molecules antirétrovirales are directed against the enzymes or another specific molecules of the virus, like the Transcriptase reverses ( Inhibiteurs opposite transcriptase ), the Protéase S ( Inhibiteurs of the proteases ) carrying out creation of the new virions or for the drugs most recent, the mechanisms of viral fusion with the healthy cell ( Inhibiteurs of Fusion ) or those carrying out the preliminary connection with the latter ( Inhibiteurs of entry ).

The antirétroviraux ones currently used

The list also includes/understands the molecules in the course of clinical trials, noted in italic. DCI of the molecule is registered in first, followed trade name between brackets.

Inhibiting of the opposite transcriptase

Inhibiters nucleosidic
  • Zidovudine (Retrovir, ZDV), molecule also known under name AZT
  • Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC)
  • Emtricitabine (Emtriva, CTF)
  • Didanosine (Videx, ddI)
  • Stavudine (Zerit, d4T)
  • Abacavir (Ziagen, ABC)
  • Combivir (zidovudine + lamivudine)
  • Kivexa (to abacavir + lamivudine), association also known under the name Epzicom
  • Trizivir (to abacavir + zidovudine + lamivudine)
  • Racivir
  • Amdoxovir
  • Apricitabine
  • Elvucitabine
Inhibiters nonnucleosidic
  • Delavirdine (Rescriptor, DLV)
  • Efavirenz (Sustiva, EFV), also known under the name Stocrin
  • Nevirapine (Viramune, NVP)
  • étravirine
  • Rilpivirine
Analogues nucleotidic
  • Tenofovir (Viread, TDF)
  • Fosalvudine

Associations of molecules
  • Truvada (to tenofovir + emtricitabine)
  • Atripla (efavirenz + to tenofovir + emtricitabine)

Inhibiting of the protease

  • Amprenavir (Agenerase, APV)
  • Tipranavir (Aptivus, TPV)
  • Indinavir (Crixivan, IDV)
  • Saquinavir (Invirase, SQV)
  • Fosamprenavir (Telzir, FPV), also known under the name Lexiva
  • Ritonavir (Norvir, RTV)
  • Darunavir (Prezista, DRV)
  • Atazanavir (Reyataz, ATZ)
  • Nelfinavir (Viracept, NFV)
  • Kaletra (Lopinavir + to ritonavir, LPV/r), association also known under the name Aluvia

Inhibiting of intégrase

Inhibiting of fusion and entry

  • Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon, ENF), also known under the name T-20
  • Maraviroc (Celsentri), also known under the name Selzentry
  • Vicriviroc
  • TNX-355

Inhibiting of maturation

The antiviral effect of these molecules acts on a late stage of the formation of the virus in the infected cells. They act in fact on the formation of the proteins which form the internal envelope of the viral genome, the core, by preventing their correct constitution.
  • Bevirimat (BVM)

HIV

The virus which stimulated the research and the development of the new classes the antirétroviraux one is HIV, person in charge of the Pandémie of the Sida that the world currently knows.

the various classes of antirétroviraux agents act by disturbing various stages of the cycle of replication of the HIV. That causes to decrease the number of virions present in the organization, measured by the " charge virale". The treatment is translated, then, by an increase in the rate of lymphocytes T4, cell parasitized by the HIV. Association various (typically three, possibly four) antirétroviraux agents is called Trithérapie.

See also: HIV

Side effects

The undesirable side effects of the antirétroviraux agents vary molecule with molecule, by ethnicity and individual, and interaction with other drugs, including the alcohol. Hypersensibilté with certain drugs can also occur at certain individuals. The list which follows includes the undesirable side effects which could be observed among patients taking one or the other antirétroviral:

See too

References

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