Anoussim
Anoussim (hébr. אנוסים, sing. Anouss , " contraint") is the term employed in the rabbinical Littérature the converted Juifs under the constraint with the Islam and with the Christianisme, the latter being more known in French under the name of Marrane S. However, the term is distinguished some, not having any abusive connotation (whereas marrano means " porc" in Spanish), and designating the crypto-Jews (converted which continued to maintain a practice secret, and often deformed, Judaïsme), whereas the " term; marrane" gather without distinction converted sincere and Christians of frontage.
Anoussim were particularly numerous in Christian Europe (Spain since 1391, then in 1492 and Portugal 1496) like with the Morocco (reign of the Almohades). Certain researchers affirm that Moïse Maïmonide was constrained him also to convert with Islam. About forced conversion, Maïmonide Brace with writing a Epistle to the extermination in judéo-Arabic whose only title in Hebrew, איגרתהשמד, is known. In this epistle, he addresses himself to the persecuted Yemeni Jews, where he answered them that he was allowed, as opposed to what ensign the Judaism (Kiddouch hachem) to convert with another religion to save his life. Let us note however that the rabbinical law makes a difference between conversion with the Islam and conversion with the Christianisme.
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