Anne Louis Henri of Fare

Anne Louis Henri of Fare (born the September 8th 1752 - deceased the † December 11th 1829), was one of the members of the clergy and a French statesman, since the Revolution until the Restoration.

Its origins

Its Eminence the cardinal count of Fare, bishop of Nancy then archbishop of Direction and Auxerre, first chaplain of Madam dauphine the, duchess of Angouleme, Even of France, Commander of the Order of the Holy Spirit, Minister of state (1824) was born with the Château from Bessay, in the Diocèse of Luçon, Low-Poitou, the September 8th 1752.

Resulting from a family of Languedoc

Resulting from an old Languedocien family, Anne Louis Henri of Fare was the son of Dominique of Fare, former officer of cavalry to the Régiment of Chabrillant and Gabrielle Gazeau de Champagné. For desilvered that it was, this family, folded up on her grounds ardéchoises, extremely well intended itself to make bear fruit an inappreciable capital, very a large range of relations and did not hesitate to invest largely in the intellectual formation.

Great nephew of the Cardinal of Bernis, Minister for the king Louis XV

He was also the Great nephew (with the 3° generation) of François-Joachim of Pierre, cardinal of Bernis, which profited from the friendship and the support of the marchioness of Pompadour , favorite of the king Louis XV, friendship which enabled him to be propelled in the first circles of the royal Gouvernement of the France of Louis XV while entering to the Conseil of the king when he was named Minister of state (1757) then Secretary of State of the Foreign affairs (1757 - 1758). The cardinal of Bernis ordered priest in (1760) was also named Ambassadeur with Venice (1752 - 1755), and person in charge near the the Holy See (1769 - 1791).

Its studies with the college of Harcourt and the royal college of Navarre

Anne Louis Henri of Fare, under the control of the abbot Labdan, her tutor, made brilliant studies studies with the Collège of Harcourt to Paris in company of Charles Maurice of Talleyrand. As of its more young age it was distinguished on several occasions with the open Competition.

After the Seminar Saint-Sulpice, it continued his studies with the royal Collège of Navarre. It obtained its license there Faculty of Théologie of Paris in 1778 and its doctorate in 1783. Whereas its studies were thus far from being finished, it was ordered priest the September 21st 1776, and two years later, at 26 years, appointed general vicar of Mgr of Vogue, bishop of Dijon and relative moved away, with the assistance of the cardinal of Bernis.

Contrary to a spread opinion, the received formation was thorough and hard competition between all these young people from the same intellectual and clerical mould. But, in addition to his membership of the nobility, the abbot of Fare profited from a broad relational network which it could make profitable: Bernis, in particular, after having lost any credit in court of Versailles, lavished to him since Rome invaluable councils to reach the episcopate.

One would be tempted to doubt serious these sacerdotal vocations and to raise the importance of the family strategies in their choices. But the interval between the entry in the clerical life by the tonsure and the decisive choice at the time of the subdiaconate, pleads in favor of a rather considered choice. Freedom and community property are not exluent. Moreover permanences are strong in the history and there would be extremely to bet that the filères borrowed by the elites of the country present many similarities through the ages, that it is yesterday about Saint-Sulpice, or today of Polytechnique or the National school of administration

Bishop of Nancy 1787 - 1817

Successively, senior of the Ste Chapelle of the king with Dijon, vice-chancellor of the academy of Dijon, named elected general of the province of Burgundy (1784 - 1787), member of the Parliament of notable the which meets in Versailles the February 22nd 1787, where it was distinguished, it was called, the October 7th same year with évêché of Nancy.

These ten years devoted to Burgundy constitute a big step in its life.

Anne Louis Henri of Fare was officially bishop of Nancy and carried the title of from there 1787 until 1817. If one can doubt serious his vocation in his youth, following the example his school-fellow of the Collège of Harcourt, Talleyrand, as from his nomination with the episcopate, the man quickly came to be identified with his function and seems from there a key character of the episcopate gallican of Old mode.

Deputy of the clergy to the General states of 1789

Bishop of Nancy, it was elected appointed of the clergy by the Bailliage of Nancy and sat at the General states of 1789, in spite of the Lorraine priests, tried by the Richérisme. The Abbé Gregoire him must be elected besides in same the bailliage. Mgr of Fare, indicated by Louis XVI, pronounced the sermon of the mass of opening, generally confused by the historians with an anonymous text apocryphal book distributed at the end of the celebration, and which seems to emanate from Talleyrand, jealous to have been private of this honor, thanks to the dispensary of Mirabeau (Duquesnoy, II, 134). The text of the sermon was published only under the Restauration after serious amendments. See Collection of document concerning to the General states, I , 1953, Misadventures of a sermon , Annals of the East, 1980,4, and Bernard de Brye, a bishop of Old mode, Paris, 1985 . Moreover he is the initiator of the project of declaration of the Human rights of the 6° Bureau of the Parliament, which was used as a basis of discussion for the development of the Declaration of 1789. The deputies at the last time substituted the Supreme Being, community property of the deists and the Christians, with the Supreme Legislator of the project of the 6° Bureau, allusion to revealed God who gives his Law on the the Sinai, whereas Jesus promulgates the New Law at the time of the " sermon on the montagne" . This term of supreme Législateur is thus far from being pain-killer.

Moderated to the beginning, after having adhered to the monarchien project, it came to refuse the majority of the reforms requested by most of the constituent Assembly, and showed a solved adversary of the civil Constitution of the clergy.

In this year 1789, it made appear a work entitled “ political Considérations on the temporal goods of the clergy ”, at the head of which it placed forward a sentence of Mirabeau: “the invention to remove and destroy is the absolute opposite of art to control” .

The emigration

Considering its presence from now on useless on the benches of the National Assembly, once the approval of the civil Constitution of the clergy acquired, it regains and prepares its diocese with the showdown which prepares, as well the religious communities as the clergy and the faithful ones. But it is withdrawn from the pressures which one wants to exert on him by leaving the France at the beginning of January 1791, with the coming into effect of the Constitution.

A bishop in the middle of the problems of the Gallican episcopate and the diocese of Nancy

After escaped with quite real threats and having tried to withdraw its goods from a probable setting under sequestration, Mgr of Fare takes refuge initially with Trier, near the prince archbishop voter, from where it organizes resistance to the civil Constitution in his diocese in dialog with the whole of the Lorraine episcopate and the Three Evéchés. At the time of a pleasure trip in Germany, it joins again with the Prince de Condé and thus starts to engage in Contre-Révolution. It will remain in Bavaria where it succeeds in making lodge part of its emigrated clergy, before gaining the Austria. Inlassablement, it requests helps and lodgings for its clergy as for its fellow-members in the episcopate, without much success on the Austrian side. In spite of the difficulty of the communications and the distance, it sets up a pastoral missionary clandestine. Throughout these years, it takes care attentively on its diocese and maintains a whole network correspondence, as well with the episcopate gallican as with its clergy, by partitioning its various juqu', branches of industry to the Concordat of 1801.

A bishop in charge of the businesses of the count de Provence in Vienna

It arrived at the end of 1792 to Vienna to settle until in 1814 there. The mails which were addressed to him were made out in the following way: Mister the count of Fare, bishop of Nancy, Jacober-hof n°844, Vienna, Austria . But, before it had been lodged during several years by the Franciscains of Vienna, which were used for their knowledge , of letter-box for the principal networks of the emigration.

Because of a remote alliance, it was dependant with the Prince de Condé. Both had collaborated within the framework of the States of Burgundy and with the Assemblée of notable the of 1787, so that it initially defended the interests of its small army at the court of Austria.

1795 mark a decisive turn in its life of emigrant: the Count de Provence, which took the name of Louis XVIII with the advertisement of died of small the Louis XVII, named it its person in charge and entrusted to him the direction of its interests near the court of Vienna. The Prélat thus succeeds in completing in 1799 the marriage of Mrs Royale, girl of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette, with leaving its captivity to the Temple, with the duke of Angouleme to ensure dynastic continuity. the emperor of Austria, which on its side intended to marry it with his/her brother Charles Louis, had entrusted to him the foreign relations of Madam. It had kind to channel the information caused by the advertisement of died of Louis XVII. The applicant constituted it his Corresponding in all this part of the Europe, functions filled through disgraces, the spines and the personal dangers of a similar mission: indicated for submission to Goldsmith, frightening agent of the first consul Napoleon Bonaparte, and located by the French police force, it indeed had to flee Vienna twice. One of the principal agents of the Emigrés in Europe it was at the same time in charge with the Correspondance and the various businesses of the princes and the princesses of the royal family. Under the Restoration, it was the Aumônier of the duchess of Angouleme.

Takeover by force in the Church

But the French bishops had other concerns. Often, but vainly most of the time, they requested the Holy See its opinions on the various oaths or promises required of the clergy by the French Republic, during all the revolutionary period. But the bonds were slack between Rome and the Church of France. On his side, the pope Pie VI had been involved under the " protection" French troops in the the Alps in 1798 and had died in Valence the August 29th 1799, where its funeral had been limited to civil honors, so that the Church seemed dedicated to a nearest disappearance. It was without counting on testimonys of respect and veneration of crowd massed on the passage of the pope. These popular demonstrations caused a reversal of the French authorities in favor of the Catholicisme. Soon Napoleon will be made the interpreter of the country by seeking an agreement with the successor of late, Pie VII. After the victory of Marengo, Bonaparte starts talks for the restoration of the Catholicisme, but wants to make clean slate of the episcopates constitutional and refractory. A long negotiation begins, whose bishops will carefully be kept away, while the Count de Provence tries to be made hear: two political legitimacies clash on the religious ground, but Pie VII, pragmatic, chose its camp It requires legitimate bishops by the Brief Tam Multa that they freely give their resignation under eight days to him. Takeover by force without precedent in the history of the Church, which gave place to excesses and the drifts of the Ultramontanisme. Resigners, as protesters meet to defend the episcopal collegial structure, but a small majority, estimating that the need for a reorganization and the good of the Church preceded, submits with the requirements of the pope. Mgr of Fare, for its part refused its resignation, while authorizing its diocesans to be joined with Mgr of Osmond, new certificated bishop of Nancy. He will abstain from now on any pastoral activity jusquà his return of exile, but it is necessary for him to remain, whereas all its goods were seized in France and that Senatus consults, prohibits the return in France to him.

Treasurer of the emigration

In 1807, all communications of the continent with the England being imperiously prohibited, and the soldiers of the armed with Cop whom cannot more resort to London there to touch British government their pensions, Mgr of Fare, incurred the disgrace of the Count de Provence, to have accepted without the knowledge claiming it, to ensure the subsistence of its compatriots, by exerting employment humble and tiresome to check and schedule the payment of these pensions on the house of Banque Arnstein and Eskelès of Vienna; function which he exerted until the time of the return of Louis XVIII " in its Etats" with the Restoration. Undoubtedly it knew some too much about the family.

Before 1807, the payments are also made starting from various banking places like Trieste and Genoa. The account on October 4th 1806, mentions a payment of 9.215 books is the sum of 73.720 Euros 2006, for September 1806 with the profit of Messeigneurs the dukes of Angouleme and Berry by Sirs Angelo Maria Gneceo, Banquier S with Genoa, taking into account their commission of 188,20 books.

Payments were sent also to correspondents of Gratz in Styrie such Sparrow and Marie-Joseph de Gain Marquis de Montaignac (1748-1829) named Brigadier of the armies of the king in 1791 and general Lieutenant in 1814), Madam the Marchioness of Montaignac (Marie Charlotte Joséphine Pichon of Rivoire), of Erlano like the Marquis of Saint Pony, of Trieste the such Knight of Badasset, Orazio Passini, of Munich, Arbonnery, Freiburg (Germany), the Marquis Millot de Montjustin, (of Florence Claude-Adolphe-Marie Anjorrant Marquis of Anjorrant (1791-1859) which will become officer of the royal Garde of Charles X and ordinary gentleman of his room or Altenburg in Saxony the such Baronne von Korff, (Theophila Benigna Finck von Finckenstein † 1836) which had " prété" its name with the queen during the escape with Varennes: “By order of its Royal Highness Madam the Duchess of Angouleme. I received from the Count of Fare, Evêque of Nancy, Two Hundred Ducats. Altenburg in Saxony. the March 20th 1809. Baroness of Korff . ” The payments are made, in other, with the profit of the royal family, the princes and princesses of France and in particular Messeigneurs the dukes of Angouleme and Berry for the maintenance of their Houses and the balances of the soldiers of their army. Mister the count of Fare, bishop of Nancy, was charged to schedule and check the payment of these pensions on houses of Banque of Vienna, in particular that of J.J. Baron de Boesner which invested the funds on the banking places of Hamburg and of Augsburg like at M.A. Gneceo & Co and M.Heath & Co Banquiers with Genoa. According to the note of account of J.J.Baron de Boesner, banker in Vienna on June 24th 1807, for the payments of April and March 1807, the payment in favor of their Royal Highnesses Messeigneurs the dukes of Angouleme and Berry was of 18.676,0 Livres tournaments is the sum of 149.408 Euros 2006, taking into account the commission of 130,5 books of J.J Baron de Boesner.

Among the recipients of the pensions one finds also the names of the marquis de Montaignac, the captain knight of Badasset and the marquis d' Anjorrant among others. Mister the count of Fare, bishop of Nancy, exerted this perilous employment until the Restauration.

Archbishop of Direction and Par of France

Anne Louis Henri of Fare returned to France, only in September 1814, whereas Louis XVIII left it in disgrace with Vienna. The August 8th 1817, after having finally resigned, it became archbishop of Direction, and was raised, in 1822 with the dignity of Pair of France. The June 20th 1823, it was high with the cardinal row of by the pope Pie VII.

The May 29th 1825, it made a great speech at the time of the sacring of Charles X in the Cathédrale of Rheims.

Anne Louis Henri of Fare died in the Palais of Tileries the December 11th 1829 with the return of a voyage to Rome. After the celebrated funeral with Paris the December 14th, in the Auxerre-native Saint-Germain-the Church, by Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, archbishop of Paris, his body was transported the same day with Sens to be buried in the crypt of the cathedral.

Man of the Lights at his beginnings, vice-chancellor of the Academy of Dijon at 27 years, Henri of Fare, cardinal of the " Holy Romaine" Church; at the end of its life, a long way carried out towards the Counter-revolution, but all with length, it remains the Ambiguous one.

Sources

Bernard de Brye. a bishop of Old Mode the Revolution proof, the cardinal Anne Louis Henri of Fare, bishop of Nancy (1752-1829), Publications of the Sorbonne, 1985

Bernard de Brye. episcopal Consciences in exile (1789-1814), through the correspondence of Mgr of Fare, bishop of Nancy . Editions of the Stag - History 2005,515 pages - ISBN 2-204-06938-8

Internal bonds

External bonds

Full text of the '' political Considérations on the temporal goods of the clergy '' on the Gallica site of the B.N.F

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