After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William the Conqueror introduced a new system of measurement: the English system of measurement .
At the time the foot English was defined like measuring 15 fingers units of length in the system of King de France. However there is 16 fingers in a foot of the King de France. An English foot is worth thus 15/16 of a foot of the King de France. Then, the English divided their new foot into twelve inches (inch).
The English foot is nowadays of 304,8 mm exactly. Since: (304,8 / 15) × 16 = 325,12 mm; it is approximately 0,086% of more than the value of the foot of the king of 1799. This small error is due to negligible modifications of the standards on both sides since 1066 and especially to a lack of metrological dialog during the Moyen-âge.
This English system was confirmed by the Magna Carta in 1215 and later in 1496, 1588 and 1758. The “ imperial system of unités ” date of 1824. It was intended for the use of the whole of the British Empire. This system redefined the values of the traditional units without creating new ones. The last Yard (or Rod) in Bronze date of 1845.
In 1959 the the United Kingdom, the the United States and all the the Commonwealth, in front of the need for having precise and reliable definitions, set up a compromise. The majority of the units are now legally defined compared to the units of the international Système of units.
Length
Major units
The inch (inch), the foot (foot), the mile (statute mile) is Units of length of everyday usage.
the thousand sailor (nautical mile) international is of 1852 meters exactly since 1970.
the thousand historical English sailor was defined 6080 imperial feet, that is to say approximately 1853,18 meters.
| | 1/12 |
|- | | link | 66/100 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | | 1 |
|- | | | 3 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | * | 16 ½ |
|- | | | 66 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | Furlong | 660 |
|- | | | 5.280 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | | 15.840 |
|}
* English , the pole, “” is also named “” or “”.
Specific units
In the following table, they are mainly units old or specific to certain professions and by this fact seldom utilisées.an exception is the typographical point English , omnipresent in the Informatique as well as the marine fathom , i.e. the brews.
the inch, a major unit, is included in this table like comparing unit.
| poppyseed | 1/288 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | not | 1/144 |
|- | | pica not | 1/72 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | pica | 1/6 |
|- | | barleycorn | 1/3 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | digit | 3/4 |
|- | | finger | 7/8 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | inch | 1 |
|- | | nail | 9/4 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | palm | 3 |
|- | | hand | 4 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | shaftment | 6 |
|- | | natural span | 8 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | span | 9 |
|- | | ell | 45 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | fathom | 72 |
|}
Still let us note a few units of the industry of weaving, varying sometimes according to the nature of wire used:
Nevertheless: 1 “spyndle” equalizes 4 standard “hanks” or 48 “cuts”, is 14.400 rods (yards).
Surface
| | 4/1089 ||- | | public garden yard | 4/121 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | public garden perch | 1 |
|- | | | 40 |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | | 160 |
|- | | | 1.024.000 |
|}
Volume
Volumes of the daily newspaper
| 1/32 | rowspan=2| 1/32 | ||- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 3/80 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 1/8 | rowspan=3| 1/8 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 8/55 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 3/20 | |
|- | | 1/4 | rowspan=3| 1/4 | |
|- | | 16/55 | |
|- | | 3/10 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 1 | rowspan=3| 1 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 64/55 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 6/5 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 128/55 | rowspan=2| 2 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 12/5 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 512/55 | rowspan=2| 8 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 48/5 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 63/2 | 31,5 (US) | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 42/1 | 42,0 (US) | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 216/5 | 36,0 (The U.K.) | |
|}
1. The American liquid gallon is defined like equal to the contents of 231,0 cubic inches , therefore 3,785 411.784 liters exactly.
2. The American dry gallon is defined like equal to the contents of 268,8 cubic inches , therefore 4,404 842.803 2 liters exactly.
thus 9.25 X 9.25 X pi, either approximately 268,802 521 4 cubic inches, or about 0,000 938% moreover. Nevertheless, this definition does not have basic legal.
3. The imperial gallon dry and liquid should be equal to 277,2 inches cubic , therefore exactly 4,542 494.140 8 liters.
For that the official and legal value of the imperial gallon is of 4,546 090 liters, therefore exactly 3,595 859 2 additional ml, are approximately more 0,079 %.
table Ci-high retains the scientific value obtained with pure water with 3,984° Centigrade.
In a volume of 77 cubic feet English , therefore 2.180,397 187.584 liters, there is exactly:
- 576 American liquid gallons,
- 495 American dry gallons and
- 480 imperial gallons (or ≈ 479,620 if the legal value british is retained) .
Volumes of Apothecary S
| 1 | rowspan=2| 1/60 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 25/24 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 60 | rowspan=2| 1 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 62 ½ | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 480 | rowspan=2| 8 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFFF | | 500 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 8000 | 128 | |
|- bgcolor=#FFFFCC | | 9600 | 160 | |
|}
-
the Foot board for the Wood not cut out.
- the Cord (unit) for the Wood of piled up heating.
Weight
Temperature
- the degree Fahrenheit
- the degree Rankine
Energy
the thermal British links (BTU)
Simple: Imperial links
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