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Denomination

To combine is called, in Occitan, Alèir .

History

The history of the department Allier is closely related to that of the Duché of Bourbon (Bourbonnais) of which it shares almost the totality of the territory.

This department was one of the 83 departments created with the French revolution, the March 4th 1790 pursuant to the law of the December 22nd 1789, starting from the major part of old the province of the Bourbonnais.

In 1940, the government of the Pétain marshal settled there, in the town of Vichy which became sub-prefecture then.

Policy

detailed Article: Political To combine it

List of the deputies To combine it
List of the senators To combine it
List of the general advisers To combine it
List of the legislative districts To combine it
List of the prefects To combine it
List of the communes and inter-commune structures To combine it
Lists of the old communes To combine it

Geography

detailed Article: Geography To combine it

The department Allier is formed of the almost totality of old the Bourbonnais. It belongs to the Région Auvergne and is bordering on the departments Cher, Nievre, of Saône-et-Loire, the Loire, Puy-de-Dôme and Creuse.

This department includes/understands three average towns of size: Montlucon (the industrial one), Mills, (the chief town), Vichy (the garden city).

It includes/understands also three thermal cities: Bourbon-the Archambault, Néris-the-Baths, Vichy.

Relief The scrap-metal bourbonnais covers the greatest western part (including the Forêt of Tronçais) and power station of the department, follow-up of the Sologne bourbonnaise for the part is north-eastern, the Mountain bourbonnaise (near to Vichy) which is the roof of bourbonnais with Montoncel (which culminates with 1.287 meters), finally south of the province, Limagne bourbonnaise which extends from Varennes with Gannat is the attic.

the Bocage bourbonnais:

In north, and hardly exceeding the 500 meters of altitude, the Bourbonnais Scrap-metal occupies a good third of the department, with two variations, centers and western (for the part ranging between the Valley of Expensive and the Western limits of the territory). The Scrap-metal is in particular remarkable for its high content in forests and wood, whose celebrates it Forêt of Tronçais) but also Moladier, Bagnolet, Civrais, Soulongis, Grosbois, Dreuille, Lespinasse or Suave. On almost all the south of the Scrap-metal Combraille, sometimes baptized High Bourbonnais extends, on a chalandise which goes beyond the limits of Hollow and of the Puy-de-Dôme. This zone of the department culminates with 778 meters with the Bump, and the rivers (Sioule, Bouble and Expensive) there dug the throats most picturesque Allier.

the Sologne bourbonnaise:

To the east, connecting the Valley To combine and the borders with Nievre and the Saône-et-Loire, the Sologne Bourbonnaise has a beautiful balance between meadows, cultures, wood and ponds, this compromise between agriculture and spaces semi-savages constituting an ECRIN very favorable to hunting.

the mountain bourbonnaise:

In its prolongation in the south, the Bourbonnaise Mountain occurs as of Puy Saint-Ambroise (442 meters), close to Saint-Leon, for then affirming itself on all the solid mass of Assise and Wood Blacks, with the limit of the Puy-de-Dôme and the Loire, marked out by Puy de Montoncel (1.287 meters), culminating point Allier.

the limagne :

Commonly gathered under the denomination of Valley To combine, the Limagne and Forterre extend on both sides from the river, between Vichy and Saint-Pourçain, with an essential quality, the fertility. The quoted first, between Sioule and Allier, invests a Gannat/Escurolles/Saint-Pourçain triangle, while Forterre covers the canton Varennes-on-To combine, with a point until Jaligny.

Hydrography

Cours d' water: in the west the Expensive, in its center the To combine and its affluent the Sioule, in the east the the Loire and its affluent the Besbre.

Common To combine it

Climate

detailed Article: Climate To combine it

Country border in the middle of the grounds, To combine it constitutes really a free zone between north and midday. Largely opened with the Atlantic influences the department profits from a climate soft and wet, dominated by the winds of west, which contributes a little more to dissociate it his/her cousins auvergnats. The mood of time is identified with the diversity of the Bourbonnais territories, like the areas punts, and of low altitude of the Sologne Bourbonnaise and the large river plains; countries of hills, with the average altitude from 300 to 600 meters, of the central part of the department; or the semi-mountain of the cantons of the south, bordering Combraille and Drill it, between 700 and 1.200 meters. One raises two maximum of precipitations in June and October, and an in January minimum - February, with averages of 694 millimetres in Montlucon (altitude 207 meters); 763 mm with Moulins (245 Mr.); 778 mm in Vichy (251 Mr.); 791 mm in Lapalisse (285 Mr.); and nearly 1.200 mm to Sitted (1.050 Mr.). As one noticed the Atlantic winds are dominant, whether they are of west, the North-West, or south-west. The influence of the relief, in particular in the valleys of Expensive and To combine, also gives flows south-north. It will be noted finally that the average insolation, raised at the weather station of Vichy-Charmeil, over period 1971/2000, is 1.880 hours per annum.

Economy

detailed Article: Economy To combine it

Industries the most represented are agribusiness industries, industries of wood and furnishing, chemistry, the foundry and the work of metals, rubber, the mechanical engineering and the electrical material, the car, the armament, the textile, the building without forgetting hydrotherapy.

According to the studies of INSEE, agriculture would represent about 7 to 8 of the departmental gross domestic product.

Demography

At January 1st, 1997, the population Allier is estimated at 357.100 inhabitants what represents an average density of 50 hab. /km ². Many areas have a density lower than 20 hab. /km ². To combine is confronted since the beginning of the years 1980 with many demographic handicaps. The rate of the elderly is important and low fertility rate so that the natural balance is overdrawn. In parallel migratory balance became very negative.

At January 1st, 2005, the population is of 342.284 inhabitants. Fertility rate is slightly lower than that of the national average in 2007, it would however be enough with the renewal to the population To combine but the shortage of industrial employment encourages with the rural migration of young people towards the basins of more favourable employment, confirming a negative migratory balance.

To combine counts only three important cities, Montlucon, Vichy and Moulins by order of size. The remainder of the department includes/understands some dispersed small towns and boroughs, mainly along the rivers. The villages very few are distant from/to each other, and it is as a whole a slightly populated department. Until worms the end of the 19th century however, the population increased thanks to the development of its cities (industries with Montlucon and Moulins, hydrotherapy with Vichy) which compensated for the rural migration. The department exceeded the 420.000 inhabitants then. After the losses of the First World War, the population stagnated, then réaugmenta a little in the years 1960. Since, because of the continuation of the rural migration and especially of the decline of old industries, the population decreased and aged regularly, passing from 386.533 inhabitants in 1968 to 344.721 in 1999.

Culture

detailed Article: Culture in Combining it

Languages

local Languages: Bourbonnais (dialect) and Occitan Auvergnat. Bourbonnais (dialect) in north to a line Montlucon/St-Pourçain-on-sioule/Lapalisse , and in the south of this line Occitan Auvergnat in Combrailles, the basin of Gannat and Vichy (zone of the Growing (Occitanie) linguistic where the occitan is majority).

Tourism

detailed Article: Tourism in Combining it

Others

Blazon To combine it

Personalities To combine it (Bourbonnais) - France

Twinnings

See too

Internal bonds

General advice To combine it
French Department
List of bridges To combine it

External bonds

Prefecture To combine it
General advice To combine it
Departmental committee of tourism To combine it
Chart and text of the department in 1883, drawn from the Atlas of Vuillemin

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