Androïde

A androïde indicates what is of human form, étymologiquement this “which resembles a man”.

In Science fiction, a androïde is there a Robot built with the image of a human being. The word Droïde , a robot in the universe of Star Wars , drift of this direction.

A androïde is to be distinguished from a Cyborg which is an organization which one (Re) built the organization according to logics of alive, generally represented by a creature which mixes with the alive and mechanical parts.

History

Of all the terms indicating of the machines of human appearance, it is oldest (16th century); the androïde is a concept, which rises from the theses mechanists of Descartes, or of the alchemists of the Middle Ages. The androïde differs from the Homoncule S, or others Golem, in this which it does not owe its existence (hypothetical) only with the exercise of the Reason: no magic, or divine intervention, governs its creation. It is moreover exclusively nonbiological, on the contrary for example of a creature of Frankenstein. Being unaware of the concept d'" anthropomorphisme" up to one recent time, the man a long time regarded human form as the most crowned among all, because potentially presents in all things (the shape of a cloud, a root of mandrake, etc)… proof, if it is necessary some, of the proximity of the man and his Creator. Without this concept of androïde, which rationalizes and désacralise the human body, never the automats of Vaucanson would not have been born, either that fundamental work of Vésale, in medicine, on the dissection of human corpses. Let us say rather than it is the early fruit of the rationalization of the Western conscience. Concretely, the androïde is at the origin of the latest thing of the automats, which lasted until the end of the 19th century; in the fiction, after the tales of Hoffmann or Future Eve of Villiers of Isle Adam, undoubtedly it was used as inspiration with the Czech writer Karel Capek, whose part RUR (Universal Robots of Rossum), in 1921, is at the origin of the invention of the word robot (of Czech robota , “forced labor”, or of Russian robot which means “working”). Let us specify that this part depicts the existence of androïdes, and not of “robots” in the contemporary meaning of the term.

Examples of androïdes in the fiction

Until now, the androïdes raise mainly of the field of the Science-fiction, even if they existed before with the construction of the kind. The science fiction was long in seizing the androïdes, because the statute of this last was always fuzzy. One preferred the robot, the extraterrestrial one of human appearance, or the woman as an object to him. It is thanks to the American literature of science fiction of years 50-60, mainly with Philip K. Dick (and its approach existentialist of the androïde), or Isaac Asimov (its three rules of robotics, evoked in Robocop or I, Robot ), that the cinema of science fiction could seize the topic, while addressing itself to a public more familiar of the concepts conveyed by the androïde. One can also read " usefully; Time and Again" ( In the Torrent of the Centuries ) of Clifford D. Simak, in which the hero, Asher Sutton, fight for the recognition of the humanity of the androïde.

And for rare films putting in scene androïdes before the whole beginning of the year 80 (before thus Alien , Blade Runner , Terminator … and except for the precursor Mondwest in 1972), it is interesting to note that the male characters of androïdes were quasi-non-existent, the topic being reduced to that of simple the Femme-objet ( Metropolis ). Let us announce finally that the Cyborg is not, thématiquement, hardly more than a androïde given to the last style, the mechanics-organics mixture being perceived like a simple alternative of the question of the degree of humanity, real or perceived, " machine vivante".

Film S presenting of the androïdes:

Series S presenting of the androïdes:

Real examples of androïdes

  • ASIMO : Honda company, one of the androïdes most succeeded nowadays; the helping technological advancement, this prize list is alas quickly out-of-date. Japan is impassioned robot-like technologies producing of the humanoïdes or the androïdes whose capacities of movement approach the gestural human one.

  • the first automats considered as being androïdes are those of Jacques de Vaucanson which designed its player of flute in 1733.

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • Site devoted to the androïdes

http://www.ebabylone.com/encyclopedie_andro%C3%AFde.html

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