Andreï Dmitrievitch Sakharov (in Cyrillic Андре́йДми́триевичСа́харов, 1921-1989) was a Physicien Russian Nucléaire , militant for the human rights, the civil liberties and the reform of the Soviet Union. It obtained the Nobel Prize of peace in 1975.

Biography

Born with Moscow the May 21st 1921, it is high in a family where physics already took its place with his/her father Dmitri Ivanovitch Sakharov, author of several works of Vulgarisation.

In 1938, it enters to the faculty of physics of the Université of Moscow, where it obtains its diploma with mention as of 1942.

To the summer 1943, it is sent to work as carpenter with Kovrov. It discovers there lasts it life of the workers and Soviet peasants in rural environment.

In September 1943, it is sent in a large factory of Munition S of the basin of the the Volga, where it works as engineer until in 1945.

It then begins its doctorate of physics at the institute of Lebedev, department of physics. Its professor was the physicist Igor Tamm, Nobel Prize of physics in 1958.

He finishes his thesis in 1948 and is integrated into a group of research whose task is to develop the nuclear weapons under the direction of Tamm. As of 1950, they are the initiators of Soviet work on the reaction ordered Thermonucléaire (thermonuclear reaction of the hydrogen isotopes for the production of electrical energy or the production of the fuel for the nuclear reactors). In 1953, they invent the Bombe with Soviet hydrogen. Until 1962, their work will be used for the design and the realization of the future Soviet nuclear weapons.

It also develops the basic ideas and tests the first magneto-cumulative Générateur with explosive.

Andreï Sakharov worries about the consequences of his work on the future of humanity and tries to make become aware of the danger of the Arms race nuclear. He obtains a success partial through the signature of the Traité nuclear non-proliferation in 1968.

In 1966, it publicly criticizes the measurements taken by Leonid Brejnev against the Dissident S. In 1967, it publishes the 3 Conditions of Sakharov which makes it possible to give an account of the Baryogénèse. In 1968, it publishes: Reflections on progress, the coexistence and intellectual freedom .

Starting from the Years 1970, Sakharov directs towards the theoretical research in physics of the elementary particles, mainly dealing with the problem of the Violation of symmetry CP, and in Cosmologie with the first Théorie of the twin universes with opposite Flèche of time (Symétrie T). It is also at that time that it creates a “committee for the defense of the human rights and the defense of the political victims”, with Valery Chalidzé and Andreï Tverdokhlebov, and later with Igor Chafarevitch and Podyapolski. Its efforts are worth the to him Nobel Prize of peace in 1975. At the end of its speech of ceremony of the Nobel Prize, it evokes the extraterrestrial intelligence.

Following criticisms directed against the authorities of its country at the end of 1979, its privileges and its functions are withdrawn to him. It is assigned with residence with Gorki and is narrowly supervised by the KGB of 1980 with 1986.

Rehabilitated, he is elected in 1988 with the presidium of the Academy of Science. In March 1989, it is elected with the new Room of the Soviet Union, the Congrès of the deputies of the people.

He dies in Moscow the December 14th 1989.

Others

• Its work on the Théorie of the twin universes was continued by Jean-Pierre Petit.
• In homage to the scientist, the American writer Arthur C. Clarke baptized " Sakharov" propulsion of the vessel " Leonov" in its novel " 2010, Odyssey two ".

See too

Internal bonds

• Price Sakharov
• VNIIEF

External bonds

• Sakharov Price for the independence of the mind in the European Parliament
• Andrei Sakharov Nobel Prize of peace
• Biography
• Autobiography

Be-X-old: АндрэйСахараў Simple: Andrei Sakharov

Random links:

1916 in aeronautics | Saint-Martin-with-Laërt | Pacific Truck and Trailer card | Jeannine Guindon | Samuel Schwartzbard