Andre Weil
See also: Weil
Andre Weil , born the May 6th 1906 with Paris and died with Princeton (New Jersey, the United States) the August 6th 1998, is one of the great figures among the mathematicians of the XXe century. Known for its fundamental work in Theory of the numbers and algebraic Geometry, it was one of the founding members of the group Bourbaki. He is the brother of the Philosophe Simone Weil.
Biography
Born in Paris from Alsatian parents from Alsatian Jewish origin and Russian which fled the catch of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany, it studied in Paris, the National university. He also studied with Rome and Göttingen where he accepted his doctorate in 1928. He spent two academic years to the Université of Aligarh of 1930 to 1933. After one year in Marseilles, it spent six years to be taught with Strasbourg. It is during this period that he married Eveline in 1937.
When the Second world war burst, Weil was in Finland since April 1939. Éveline only turned over to France. Remained in Finland, it was stopped by the Finnish secret services, was suspecté of espionage for the USSR. The well-known anecdote, told in its biography, according to which it would have been likely to be shot in Finland is not due to historical truth. See the article of Osmo Pekonen " The Weil business in Helsinki in 1939" , appeared in Gazette of the mathematicians 52 (April 1992), pp. 13-20, with an epilog by Weil itself.
Weil turned over then to France by Sweden and the United Kingdom. Accosting in Le Havre in January 1940, he was imprisoned with Rouen, from February to May. Judged on May 3rd, 1940, he was condemned to five years. He asked to be sent on the face and joined then a regiment with Cherbourg. After the French capitulation, it returned towards its family to Marseilles by the sea. It went until Clermont-Ferrand to join his wife, Eveline, remained in occupied zone. In January 1941, they left France vis-a-vis the occupant Nazi, and flew away for New York.
Weil worked with the Universidade of Sao Paulo of 1945 to 1947, near Oscar Zariski. He taught with the Université of Chicago of 1947 to 1958. He passed the remainder of his career to the Institute for Advanced Study of Princeton.
Work
He left remarkable contributions in many fields, and initially in algebraic Géométrie and Théorie of the numbers. Its doctoral work led to the Théorème of Mordell-Weil. He formulated the argument of infinite Descente, and with this intention, he defines a measurement of the size of the rational points of an algebraic variety; and it initiated the Cohomologie of Welshman, who was not called like two decades later. These two aspects were largely developed since to become central objects of the current algebraic geometry.
Among its greater work appear the proof given in 1940, in prison, of the Hypothèse of Riemann for the local functions zeta. The Conjectures of Weil largely influenced the geometricians algebrists around 1950 and since then; they were proven by Bernard Dwork, Alexander Grothendieck, Michael Artin and Pierre Deligne, which supplemented the most difficult stage in 1973.
In the Years 1930, it provides a proof of the Théorème of Riemann-Roch, following work of Claude Chevalley.
In general Topology, it introduces the uniform concept of Espace. Its work on the beam X was very little published, but appeared in its correspondences with Henri Cartan in the end of the Années 1940.
Basiquement, it introduces the notation ∅ for the Empty set.
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