André Vésale (or Vésale , Vesalius , Andreas Vesalius ) was born on December 31st, 1514, in Brussels and dies in 1564 in the island of Zante. It was a Anatomiste and doctor of Brussels considered by many historians of the Science S as the largest anatomist of the Renaissance, even largest of the Histoire of the Médecine. Its work, in addition to as they will insert the Anatomie in modernity, will put an end to the Dogme galenism which had blocked the scientific evolution for more than thousand years as well in Europe as in the Islam.

Biography

André Vésale was born the December 31st 1514 with Brussels (then under the dependence of the Saint Worsens Roman Germanic). Its house was located just opposite the hill of the executions, which led it to see many corpses and skeletons cleaned by the Oiseau X during its childhood. This fact had to play a great part in its vocation. In 1530, it is registered with the Université Leuwen, then continues its studies with Paris under the direction of the large Jacques Dubois (Jacobus Sylvius), one of the most famous doctors of the time, but also savage partisan of the galenism. In fact Sylvius was the most savage adversary of Vésale when it published its works. The war between the France and the Holy roman Empire obliges Vésale to be exiled at the end of three years. After a short service in the imperial army, it returns to Leuwen where it passes its thesis in 1537. Then it goes to the university Padoue, the most famous medical school of Europe. At the end of two days of examination, the university of Padoue offers to him a station of reader in surgery, proof of its capacities.

In 1539, it obtains from Mercantonio judge the corpses of condemned, and goes even until delaying their execution so that the bodies are fresh when it would need some. Consequently, Vésale quickly notes errors in descriptions of Galien and understands that they apply to the monkey and not to the man. It will undertake the drafting of a treaty of anatomy intended to correct the errors. In 1540, it confirms its assumption by dissecting with Bologna the corpse of a monkey and a man and shows that the appendix such as described Galien exists only in the monkey.

In 1543, after four years of ceaseless work, it publishes its discoveries in Basle at Jean Oporin (printer, academic and professor of Greek) in Of humani corporis fabrica , usually called Fabrica , the greatest treaty of anatomy (663 pages) since Galien, the year-even when Copernic publishes its revolutionibus orbium coelestium libri VI which was to revolutionize astronomy by affirming that the Earth does not occupy the center of the Universe. The outbursts of the galenists nauseate it, it makes a last public demonstration with Padoue in December 1543. Then, in an access of anger or lassitude, it burns all its scientific documents, its books and its work. It gives up its pulpit of professor. In 1544, it passes to Bologna, Pisa then it agrees to become the surgeon of the emperor Charles Quint then of Philippe II of Spain. It Marie with the girl of a notable inhabitant of Brussels. In 1546, it publishes its research on the influence of the Root of China against the drop. He then regrets the destruction of its documents. For the remainder of its life, he became the doctor of large, he even tried to look after the king of France Henri II, wounded with the eye by a lance at the time of a tournament.

In 1563, condemned (libellously) to have dissected a still alive woman it is condemned to make a pilgrimage with Jerusalem. At the time of the return voyage, its boat made shipwreck and Vésale ends up dying of exhaustion on the coasts of the Île of Zante on October 2nd 1564 where it was rejected by the sailors.

Ambroise Paré largely admits having drawn from the work of Vésale in its work.

Its work

• Tabulae anatomicae sex 1538

• first anatomical boards (6 on the whole). Three of them are carried out by pupils of Titien, the others being of Vésale itself. These boards revolutionize the teaching of the anatomy. However, conforming exactly to the Galénien dogma, it reproduces the errors of this one.
• Institutionum anatomicarum secundum Galeni sententiam AD candidatos medicinae libri quartet . Venice, 1538, Padoue, J.Fabranus, 1550
• Anatomicarum insitutionunm ex Galeni sententia, libri III. His accesserunt Theophili Protospatarii, Of corporis humani fabrica, libri V. Item Hippocratis Coi Of medicates purgatories, libellus nunquam handle will nostra will tempora inlucem editus. Junio Paulo Crasso Patavino interprets . Lugduni (Lyon), 1541. (with the coll.de Johann Guenther von Andernach)
• Of humani corporis fabrica Basle, Johannes Oporinus, 1543, 2nd éd.en 1555
• the greatest treaty of anatomy since Galien. Vésale corrects there the most obvious errors of Galien, but some still persist (like the communication between ventricle of the heart). The second edition in 1555 will correct these last errors. This book will put an end to the galenism, but by the polemic which it will generate will lead Vésale to give up its research task.
• Epistola, rationem modumque propinandi radicis Chynae decocti, quo nuper inuictissimus Carolus V Imperator usus is, pertractans: & praeter combined quaedam, epistolae cuiusdam AD Iacobum Sylvium sententiam recensens, veritatis ac potissimum humanae fabricae studiosis perutilem . Basileae ex officina Ioannis Oporini 1546
• the First description of the " radicis Chinae " ( Smilax chinae ) used in the treatment of the Syphilis. But this text is also a defense of the methods and doctrines exposed in its Fabrica . Incidentally, Vésale reveals there also elements of its biography: its experiment of teaching with Pisa, the destruction of some of its manuscripts, its Masters in medicine, etc
• the anatomical portraicts of all the parts of the human body, engrave in the soft face, by the command of fire Henry huictiesme Roy of England. Together abbregé of Andre Vesal, & the explanation of iceux accompanied by an anatomical declaration . Paris Andre Wechel 1569. (with the coll.de Jacques Grévin). First edition of the translation in French of the Epitome of Vésale.
• Anatomia Viri in hoc Generates Princip… in qua tota humani corporis fabrica, iconibus elegantissimis iuxta genuinam Auctoris delineationem aeri incisis, lectori ob oculos ponitur. Amstelodami Ioannes Ianssonius 1617 . Handing-over on sale of the edition of the Epitome , given by Henri Botter to Cologne in 1600
• Opera Omnia anatomica & chirurgica . Lugduni Batavorum Joannem of Vivie & J. and H. Verbeek 1725 2 volumes. Edition of complete works of Vésale, given by Hermann Boerhaave and Bernhard Siegfried Albinus.
• Shortened anatomy adapted to arts of painting and sculpture . Paris, J.B. Crepy, 1760
• Tabulae Anatomicae. - Facsimile of the seven boards of the edition of Cologne and the six boards of the edition of Augsburg according to the single specimens belonging to the royal Library of Belgium. Culture and civilization 1965.
• Of humani corporis fabrica . Beautiful letters. 2001.

• On Andre Vésale:

• Studies on Andre Vésale, preceded by a historical note on its life and its writings . Ghent, C. Annot-Braeckman, 1841
• Andre Vesale. Renovating of the Human anatomy 1515 - 1564 . Documents preserved in Belgium and exposed to the royal Library of Belgium, in Brussels, from July 22nd to September 21st, 1957. Brussels, A. Christiaens S.A. 1957.
• Préface Of Andre Vesale has His Books On the Anatomy, Suive Of a Letter has Jean Oporinus, His Printer. Text Input, Established, Translated And Annotates By Louis Bakelants. Brussels, Arscia Editions, 1961.

External bonds

1. Work of Vésale digitized by the SCD of the University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg
2. a file devoted to Vésale on the site of the '' inter-University Bibliothèque of medicine and odontology '' of Paris. The file counts 7 digitized works of Vésale and an presentation article, '' the “Anatomies” of Andre Vésale ''

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