See also: Marty

Andre Marty , born on November 6th, 1886 with Perpignan, and dead on November 23rd, 1956 with Toulouse, was a French politician, directing French Communist party excluded in 1952. He was also appointed, of 1924 to 1955, with some interruptions, and secretary of the Internationale Communist of 1935 to 1943.

Biography

Born from a father, wine merchant, which had taken part in the commune of Narbonne and professed libertarian opinions, André Marty fails the entrance examination of the Naval college and learns the trade from ironmonger on copper. It engages in the National marine and becomes finally mechanical engineer in 1917. It had become Franc-maçon before the war. In 1919, whereas the building on which it is useful, damping with its squadron in the roads of Odessa with an aim of countering the progression of the Red Army. Marty is in the middle of the mutiny of sailors bursts, at the same time by sympathy with the " rouges" because of the bad food and disappointment not to be demobilized whereas the war was finished. Marty is solidarized with the mutineers, which is worth to him a judgment at twenty years of forced labors. Its name becomes a symbol, the young Communist party resulting from the Congrès of Turns takes its defense then, and he is elected with the Soviet of Moscow by the factory workers " Dynamo".

Pardoned in 1923, it is not long in giving its adhesion to the Communist party, and it is elected appointed Seine-et-Oise in 1924 and becomes member of the Central committee. In 1927, following the example many other Communist leaders, he is condemned and imprisoned with Health for action antimilitarist.

From 1931, it is more and more implied in the apparatus of the Internationale Communist called also " Komintern" with the executive of which it represents the French party. In 1935, it will be named with the presidium and the secretariat, becoming thus the French with the highest rank within the Comintern. It also enters to French political office qu left in 1932.

During the war of Spain, as from 1936, the Comintern appoints it general inspector of the international Brigades and it will remain in Spain until the end of the war, in 1939. In France, it is violently taken with part by the anarchistic newspaper the Libertarian .

André Marty is in Moscow at the time of the advertisement of the signature of the Pacte germano-Soviet, and the declaration of war, in September 1939. He is joined there by Maurice Thorez, with which it forever have positive ratios. He works for the Komintern until the dissolution of this one, in May 43, and in October 43, it arrives at Algiers to represent the PCF near the Provisional government of de Gaulle and to sit at the Consultative Assembly. Release at 1944, it is one of the three secretaries of the party and seems thus formally number 3, after Maurice Thorez and Jacques Duclos. Dice 1947, it is marginalized within the political office, but in remainder member until 1952, by exerting only increasingly secondary responsibilities.

September 1st, 1952, it is put in charge in front of the political office, excluded from this organization on December 7th, and excluded from the party by its cell on December 24th. An article signed Etienne Fajon will denounce the " police connections of Marty". Jacques Duclos, had also declared that Marty had been uncovered as police officer, charge of which nobody found the least base forever.

Completely insulated, after having tested, in vain to call some with the authority of Stalin, and to be themselves finally close to the anarchists and the trotskists, he dies of a cancer to the lung

Man of apparatus turned towards the international one, André Marty had accumulated a great quantity of documents on the PCF and the Komintern. " Marty" files; , bequeathed to Jean Maitron constitute today a mine for the historians of Communism.

The role of Marty during the War of Spain

André Marty was sent by the IC dice August 1936 near the Spanish government republican to organize what will become the international Brigades. He will carry the title of general inspector of B I . He could justify this responsibility, in addition to his rank raised within the Komintern, by his knowledge of Spanish and the Catalan and by his past of naval officer.

The international brigades were based with Albacete. Enough quickly, the reports/ratios of Marty with the Spaniards was degraded and he was recalled to Moscow where Dimitrov charged it with the businesses of Latin America, but Marty insisted to turn over to Spain and succeeds in being made pass for the right man for the job after the integration of the Brigades in the Spanish popular army. When it returns in Albacete in October 1937, it must agree to be controlled by Palmiro Togliatti.

Was André Marty the to stop of Albacete denounced by the French libertarian press or limited the Massart police chief whom Hemingway in describes For which rings the knell ?

Togliatti, in a report/ratio of November 1937, insisted that Marty " changes its work methods " radically; and " avoids intervening in the military and technical questions of the Brigades " but in January 1938 he is pleased with his attitude but continues to evoke " its a little hard way to behave sometimes with the comrades ". According to the biographical Dictionary of the labor movement French, certain combatants returned to France denounced its excesses of authority and resigned of the Communist party.

If the brutal methods of Marty seem undeniable, the fact that it could make " to carry out a great number of volunteers for futile reasons " as that was reproached to him the point for being affublé of the name of " to stop of Albacete" is more debatable although its participation in the judgment and the execution of the Commander Delesalle, in the context of the fight against the anarchists and the poumists, is established by Nick Guillain.

Philippe Robrieux sees in him one carried and a somewhat mythomaniac fanatic , but not the organizer of the Stalinist crimes committed by the Guépéou in Spain.

The “Marty Business”, or the exclusion of PCF in 1952

In 1952, whereas Thorez, patient, was in Moscow, or in convalescence in the Caucasus, André Marty was blamed with Charles Tillon in front of the Political office to which they belonged both. It was reproached to the two men for being itself met in the residence of the brother-in-law of Tillon, Charles Beyer.

A board of inquiry made of Leon Bad and Marcel Servin had prepared this “internal lawsuit” for several months. According to Charles Tillon ( One sang Rouge ), Duclos had met Thorez and even Stalin on this subject, but it was the time of the great lawsuits in the people's democracies like that of A.London and R. Slansky in Czechoslovakia or that of Rajk in Hungary, and in this context, Duclos had been able to render comprehensible in Stalin that in France also, there were traitors. One hardly sees other explanation concerning this business but the hostility which had always existed between Thorez and Marty, and the buckled charge of “not-Resistance” that Tillon would have made with Jeannette Vermeersch, the woman of Thorez.

The report/ratio that Mauvais presented on September 4th, 1952 to the Political office was only one heteroclite assembly of trifles which became the proof of a long opposition to the line of the party. The business was transformed into a true political denunciation campaign of the marked ones which extended to Jean, the brother of Andre Marty, freemason who “has connections with police mediums”. The Central committee of Gennevilliers (of the 5 until December 7th) striped its rows Marty and Tillon.

Sources

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