Andre Holy Jeanbon Andre

Andre Jeanbon , known as Saint-Andrew Jean-Good, or Jeanbon Saint Andre , born with Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne) on February 25th 1749, dead Mainz on December 10th 1813 is a revolutionist and a politician French.

Before the Revolution

Of Protestant family, wire of a fuller, high at the Jésuites, from where it is withdrawn by his father calvinist, it studies navigation in Bordeaux, enlists in the merchant navy, reached the rank of officer and becomes captain. After three shipwrecks and the loss of its economies, it gives up the navy, studies theology in Geneva and becomes Pasteur with Castres in 1773, then is brought to resign in 1782 after a conflict with the consistory of Castrate, takes again his ministry with Montauban in 1788, where it chairs the Company of the Friends of the Constitution the beginning of the Révolution in 1789.

Under the Revolution

It fails the elections of the legislative Assemblée in 1791, but enters to the municipal council. Elected official appointed of the Batch to the national Convention in 1792, Jeanbon leaves his friends Jacobins to join Paris, where it sits initially initially on the right in company of his friends Girondins. But it is disunited some gradually and joined soon the rows of Montagne. October 12th, 1792, it completes its evolution while deciding against the Of Gironde ones which attacks the Commune of Paris and claims the reinforcement of the guard of Convention. In January 1793, he votes the death of the king without call nor deferment, because, he says, “a king by that only which he is king, is guilty towards humanity, because the royalty even is a crime”.

In front of the dangers which the République runs, with the war against the united monarchies, and the civil war started by the Royaliste S, in the Vendée, and by the federalistic , it preaches the union of Convention with the people against his enemies.

He decides against the continuations aiming at the massacreurs of September 1792, because “a great revolution can take place only by events of any nature”. It is one of the promoters and a defender of the creation of the revolutionary Tribunal.

It is sent in the Lot and in the Dordogne to accelerate the lifting of the 300.000 men and, his return, attends with the anguish of the the Gironde.

He is president of the convention from July 11th to July 25th, 1793. July 10th, 1793, it enters to the Comité of public hello, where it deals with the Navy.

Charged, as a president of Convention, to pronounce the funeral praise of Jean-Paul Marat, it is carried out with a dryness which testifies clearly to its little of sympathy to the victim of Charlotte Corday. Most of the time on mission, it keeps away from the confrontations between factions.

Initially sent on mission to the armies of the East, the conventional one is soon in charge of the reorganization of the military navy, mined by the insubordination. With Brest, where it is Representing on mission September 1793 in May 1794, it restores the discipline by very severe measurements, with his colleague Prieur of the Marne, then it takes part, on sea, with the operations of Villaret de Joyeuse against the English; Jeanbon takes part thus in the naval battle of June 1st, 1794, famous for the resistance of the Vengeur , on board the vessel the Mountain , in company of this rear-admiral.

On mission at the time of the Thermidor 9, which he disapproves, he is replaced by a thermidorien within the committee of public hello, under pretext of the preventions of his missions in province. In fact, of July 1794 in March 1795, Jeanbon is in charge of a new mission in the maritime departments of the South, especially Toulon, where it shows same qualities of administrator. Whereas the white Terreur prevails in France, it is stopped on May 28th, 1795 (9 Prairial An III), during the reaction which follows the germinal insurrection of the 12 and that of the 1 {{meadow er}}. However, after the adoption of the Constitution of year III, on September 24th, 1795 and the failure of the royalist insurrection the 13 vendémiaire, a general law of amnesty " for the facts properly relating to Révolution" (are excluded from it the emigrated , the deportees, the defendants of Vendémiaire, as well as the forgers) on October 26th, 1795 is voted, and it is released on October 29th.

Under the Directory

The Directoire appoints then it general consul with Algiers, then with Smyrna in 1798. When the Ottoman Empire breaks with France, it is stopped and spends three years in captivity.

Under the Consulate and the First Empire

After its release, Bonaparte appoints it general police chief of the three departments of left bank of the the Rhine, in December 1801, then prefect of the department of the Mount-Thunder in Mainz in September 1802, where it confirms his reputation of exceptional administrator. In thanks of its services, Napoleon the fact knight of the Legion of honor in 1804, then baron d' Empire, baron of Saint-Andrew in 1809. The Typhus carries it in 1813. It is buried with the principal Cimetière of Mainz.

Good Jean of Saint Andre, active freemason, was the first Worthy Master of the Cabin " Friends of Union" , founded in 1803 in Mainz, and which exists always today in this city under name " Die Freunde zur Eintracht".

References and bibliography

Andre Holy Jeanbon Andre on the encyclopedia Britannica 1911
History and dictionary of the French revolution 1789-1799 of Jean Tulard, Jean-François Beech, Alfred Fierro.
Mathy, Helmut: Jeanbon St Andre. Kleiner Druck der Gutenberg-Gesellschaft , Mainz 1969,60 S., ISBN 3775500928

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