See also: Amp
Andre-Marie Amp , born with Lyon the January 20th 1775 and died in Marseilles the June 10th 1836, is a French mathematician and physicist. He invented the electric first Télégraphe and, with François Arago, the electromagnet, and he stated in 1827 the theory of the electromagnetism. Its name was given to the international unit of electric current: the amp.
Its life
As of her childhood, Andre-Marie Ampére is thirsty to learn. It would have carried out long calculations with stones and crumbs of cookie before knowing the figures. His/her father starts to teach Latin to him, but gives up when it realizes of the interest and the aptitudes of his son for the maths. The young Amp does not take again of them less its lessons of Latin, in order to include work of Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli.In 1796, it meets Julie Carron, whom it marries in 1799. Starting from 1796, Ampère gives to Lyon private courses of mathematics, chemistry and languages. In 1801, he becomes professor of physics-chemistry to Borough-in-Bresse, the central School of the department of Ain (currently college Jerome Lalande), leaving his wife and her son Jean-Jacques in Lyon. His wife dies in 1803. The same year, it is named mathematics professor with the college of Lyon. In 1804, it is named repeater of analysis to the Polytechnic school and thus settles in Paris. August 1st 1806, it marries in second weddings, Jeanne-Francoise Potot, who will die in Versailles in 1866, at the 88 years age, and a girl will give him, Albine (1807-1842).
Its discoveries
In mathematics, Ampère works inter alia on the theory of probability and the integration of the partial differential equations.
In 1820, starting from the experiment of Hans Christian Orsted, it studies the relation between Magnétisme and electricity. He discovers that the direction in which the needle moves depends on the direction of the electric current and from of deduced the rule from the “catch of Amp”: the catch is lying on the driver; the current, which goes by convention of more towards less, traverses it feet towards the head; it has the eyes directed towards the magnetized needle. The north pole of this needle moves then towards its left. Him another rule is owed: if the first three fingers of the right hand are drawn aside so that the index indicates the direction of the magnetic field and the inch that of the movement, the current circulates then in the direction indicated by the major one.
The most known law of Amp is that of the electrodynamic . It describes the forces that two parallel drivers traversed by electric currents exert one on the other. If the direction of the current is the same one in the two drivers, those attract each other; if the current moves in opposed directions, the drivers are pushed back. It also describes the relation which exists between the force of the current and that of the corresponding magnetic field. This work founds the electrodynamics and influences considerably the physique of the 19th century.
Amp interprets the phenomenon of magnetism by the theory of the molecular current, according to which innumerable tiny particles, electrically charged, would be moving in the driver. This theory is rejected by the scientists of the time and manages to impose itself only sixty years later with the discovery of the electrons.
In addition to its work on the electrodynamics, it tries to explain certain chemical phenomena by the geometry of the molecules and parallel to puts forth Avogadro the assumption that the number of molecules contained in a gas is proportional to its volume.
Andre-Marie Ampère was titular pulpit of general and experimental physics of the Collège de France, succeeding Louis Lefèvre-Gineau and replaced by Felix Savart. It is buried with the Cimetière of Montmartre to Paris.
He invented the galvanometer, the first electric telegraph and, with Arago, the electromagnet.
Homages
Of sound living already, Ampère is recognized by its pars like a scientist of first order. In 1814, he is elected member of the Academy of Science of Paris. He is also corresponding several European Academies, and maintains the relations nourished with the majority of the contemporary scientists.Its name is registered on the Eiffel Tower. In its honor, its name was given to the international unit amperage: the amp.
Related articles
External bonds
- Amp and history of electricity on the site of CNRS.
- Museum Amp in Poleymieux (page requiring Runtime Java)
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