Andelys

Andelys is a common French, located in the department of the the Eure and the area High-Normandy.

Its inhabitants is called the Andelysiens .

Currency

Fecit Utraque Unum (both do only one): (the small one and large Andelys)

Geography

The commune of Andelys is located in the department of the Eure (27), in the High-Normandy area. Andelys is boxed in a valley in the middle of the loops of the the Seine. Located at 100 kilometers of Paris and 40 of Rouen, the city is very tourist thanks in particular to the Collégiale of Andelys or to the Strong Château, classified historic building. The name of the city, Andelys, comes from the regrouping of the two villages Small Andely and Large Andely, two cities separate several centuries ago by immense marshes.

History

The city belonged formerly to the archbishops of Rouen, but it was yielded in 1197 to the Duc of Normandy, in which Philippe-Auguste removed it in 1204. Henri IV took again it with the Ligue the USSR in 1591.

the Castle-Strapping man

History and architecture

The monument which made the celebrity of the Normande small town is undoubtedly the Strong Castle whose ruins overhang the valley of the Seine. The castle is visible with kilometers with the round.

At the end of the 12th century, the Normandy belonged to the crown of England and the king of France lorgnait on his rich grounds which would have allowed him the control of the Seine and an access to the sea. Thus, the Dukes of Normandy sought to protect this strategic position by building strong castles (Louviers, Pont of the Arch) to protect the capital Norman, Rouen.

Richard Lion-hearted, lance the construction of Strong castle in 1196 on a Cliff of chalk overhanging the valley of the Seine, a supposed position impregnable being, to prevent any incursion by the French ships; it makes downwards install three lines of piles in the river. The construction of Strong Castle will last one year and, according to the legend, Richard Lion-hearted would have declared in 1198: " How it is beautiful, my one year old daughter! That here is a strong castle! ".

The Castle strictly speaking is preceded by a encircled triangular Barbacane imposing ditches - 20m in width, more in-depth 10m - dug in chalk. This work protects the single entry. Château Gaillard is all in length because it sticks to cliff. A lengthened form obliges to stretch defense; it is a disadvantage but it is compensated by the safety which the escarpment offers. On several tens of meters, a curtain wall goes down to the city fortifée from the Petit Andely. The enclosure of the Donjon is the most original element of the castle. At the top, Mâchicoulis were arranged to defend the feet of the walls. On this point, Castle-Strapping man is in advance over his time - the fashion of the machicolations will take only at the 14th century. The tower which one enters by the first stage forms a nozzle directed towards the plate, in order to deviate the projectiles of the machines of war.

Sit and taken

Since 1203, at the beginning of the seat, the governor of the place will make evacuate the inhabitants come to take refuge with the castle in the ditches and thus the villagers will find most of the winter between the walls of the castle and the French Armies (a table of great dimension recalling this episode of the seat is in the room of authority of the town hall of Andelys). Since 1203, Philippe Auguste will conduct a campaign regulates some against the site of Strong Castle.

In February 1204, it is the attack starting from the plate. To take the weephole, the minors will go down in the ditch and will dig a gallery under the main tower. This mine will be supported by trunks which one will set fire to. Its sapped foundations, the tower will collapse and the defenders will fold up themselves by a opening bridge behind the enclosure of the low court.

When the king of France attacks, Richard made place with Jean without ground. This last made build a vault whose windows give on the southern wall. A handle of French soldiers are introduced by there and with the favor of a fire, actuate the opening bridge of the interior. The defenders will have to ebb towards the ultimate shelter: the Keep.

Irony of the history: the proud machicolations will not be useful. Philippe Auguste will attack by the entry, which one reaches via a bridge cut in chalk. The French will try to mine the enclosure without success. Then, thanks to the bridge, they will advance a machine of jet to split the wall. Inside, of the 180 defenders at the beginning, there remain nothing any more but 120 about it. No last-ditch struggle for them: March 6th, 1204, they will go with their governor.

The design of the castle will have allowed only one civil defense: when a point was taken, only the retirement was possible. The absence of one second entry prohibited any counter-attack. Vis-a-vis a powerful enemy, Strong Château was to fall.

The fall of Strong Castle opened the road of Rouen to the French troops, the capital Norman fell a few months later, the duchy thus returning to the French crown.

In the following years, Strong Château was restored and taken again by the English after eight month of seat during the One hundred year old war. In front of progress of artillery, Strong Château was left with the abandonment, becoming the refuge of the gangsters. Its dismantling was ordered by Henri IV, the majority of the stones were used with construction of the castle as Gaillon.

Sources: Science and life junior, Out of the ordinary number 47: The Middle Ages, January 2002

Heraldic

Blasonnement of the traditional weapons of the city of Andelys:
“Party, with the first of money, two bunches of grapes of sand, of which one at a peak failing with senestre  ; with the second of azure, two money turns, of which one at a peak failing with dextre  ; with the chief of mouths, charged with three flowers of gold lily,” with the currency: “FECIT UTRAQUE UNAM. ”
as brought back by Malta-Brown, in illustrated France (1882).

Malta-brown announced moreover that one meets sometimes this blasonnement in a simplified form (it is about the blazon of the Grand Andely ): Money

“, with three bunches of grapes of sinople, two as a chief and one at a peak. ”

Blasonnement of Small-Andely: " Of azure, with three money turns, the bent chief of mouths charged with three flowers of lily of or."

Administration

appointed of the Eure

Demography

In addition, at the time of the Census of 1999, the Total population, including the double accounts, was of 9.307 inhabitants.

Economy

  • Objective Services: Services company data processing;

  • the city has an antenna of the Chamber of commerce and industry of the Eure.

Celebrities

Tourist monuments and places

  • Castle-Strapping man

Twinnings

  • - See the page in German on

See too

  • Common of the Eure

References

External bonds

  • Official site of the City with complete pages on its History, its Inheritance, the Great men who transfer the day there or lived there,… * Tourist office * Culture and Tourism in Andelys
  • Walk with the country of Andelys
  • Andelys on the site of the national geographical Institute
  • Andelys on the site of INSEE
  • Andelys on the site of Quid
  • Localization of Andelys on a chart of France and communes bordering
  • Plane on Andelys on Mapquest

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