Anathema

A anathema indicates today a general reprobation, a setting with the index, of a person or an idea. This word is in particular used in expressions such as " to launch the anathème" and " to strike anathème".

The origin of this word is deeply nun and according to the times a Offrande or a Sacrifice indicates, as at the Greek and the Romains. Since the New Testament, it generally means sentence of curse with regard to Doctrine or of person, especially within the framework of Hérésie. It is this significance which is included in the direction generally used nowadays.

Etymology

The word comes from the Greek word ἀνάθημα/ anathêma , literally “suspended” - of ἀνά/ ana , “in top of” and τίθημι/ titêmi , “to place”, “to pose”: “religious offering” then “dedicated with the Hells”.

Significances

Among the Greeks and Romans

Among the Greeks and Romans, the anathema indicates is:
  • a religious offering, particularly an offering suspended on the columns of a Temple in thanks of a divine grace. The word is sometimes employed in the same direction in the Bible.
  • a Sacrifice (inanimate object or animal) with a divinity, as an atonement: The word anathema meant in the same way all at the same time what is offered god as gift, and what is delivered to its revenge.

In the religions resulting from the Bible

In the Judaism

The word anathema takes a significance close to that of the word “taboo”: what one should not touch, which is cursed by the divinity. The Greek word meets in this direction in the Torah, for example (Dt 7:26) following prohibition to take at home the idols, the gold and the money of the enemy:
so that you do not introduce the abomination into your house, and that you would not be anathema like it: you will have it in extreme horror and extreme abomination; because it is an anathema.

As well as the things, people can be struck of anathema. It is the case, always in the Torah, of the people of the Promised land (Dt 7:2):

When the Eternal, your God, introduces you into the country where you enter to have it, and whom it will have driven out of front you many nations (…) and that the Eternal, your God, will have delivered them in front of you, and that you will have struck them, you will destroy them entirely like an anathema.

In the Christian Churches

In the New Testament, the anathema becomes a sentence of curse with regard to doctrines or a person, especially within the framework of a Hérésie. The anathema is then cut off from the community of the faithful ones. Thus, in the epistle with Gallates (Ga 1:8), Paul declares:
As we already said, also maintaining I still say it: if somebody you évangélise in addition to what you received, which it is anathema.

The formula If somebody known as… that it is anathema. for the definition of a Dogme by the Concile S. Voir in particular the Concile of Thirty is employed.

At the catholic and the orthodoxe , the anathema results in the “major” Excommunication known as, i.e. with more force and of ceremony that the other types of Excommunication.

By extension

Thus by extension and in a weaker direction, the anathema is the vigorous reprobation of a person or an opinion. Thus, to be shown with the finger, it is the diminutive of the anathema .

References

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