Anarchy

Anarchy and saddle-oyster

The current direction

The word anarchy is often employed like a driving bolt by people considering essential the basic principle of Autorité to indicate a situation of disorder, of Désorganisation, Chaos, on the basis of implicit assumption that the order would require a Hiérarchie. One already finds in the Littré (the word is far from used before the 17th century) the definition of anarchy like “absence of government, and consequently disorder and confusion”. By extension they are all the forms of disorder and disorder which are called anarchy; it is this way of employing the word which prevails in the everyday usage, as in the majority of the dictionaries. The poet Armand Robin (1912-1961) defines " the anarchiste" as that which is " purified voluntarily, by an interior revolution, of very thought and any behavior which can in an unspecified way imply domination on others consciences".

The saddle-oyster

The correct word for a situation of social disorder, without laws, without rules, where the disagreements would be regulated by only physical violence (armed or not), is the Anomie. The saddle-oyster is a dissolution of the social Norme S, rules, Loi S, habits: this situation can be related to a will of reciprocal domination several competitor capacities, with a reaction of despair face a company dying woman.

On this subject, although Anomie is adapted better, the term “Anarchy” is used systematically by the capacities to indicate a political situation which they do not control (and which they would wish to control), where their political power is in difficulty (because of their Hiérarchie).

Historical terms

Historical examples such as military anarchy in the Roman Empire in the years 235 - 268, or the use of Anarchy ( The Anarchy ) to define the English civil war which opposed two competitors to the capacity, Mathilde Emperesse and Etienne of Blois between 1135 and 1154, is revealing of this fact: it is not acted as any way of situations which can be connected with anarchy in a strict sense, in which case there would be to be able no more, nor of authority, but it is just about a disorganization related to the competitor capacities, one disturbed political period.

Pejorative use of the term “ anarchy ”

Very often, the term “anarchy” is used to describe chaos, the civil wars and the situations of social disorder.

One can see two reasons there.

The first, undoubtedly least important, comes from the term “anarchy”, interpreted like the absence of order, rule S and organized Structure S, in short: the chaos of the social Saddle-oyster. It is however not what the Anarchiste S. preach to avoid this confusion between political anarchy and saddle-oyster, confusion which denatures the ideas of anarchism, the anarchists use sometimes the word “acratie” or Libertaire (term invented by Joseph Déjacque, defender of the political Liberté), like synonyms of Anarchiste.

The second, more concrete and stronger, comes from the anarchistic fights to the turning of in Europe. At that time, the anarchistic movement was marked by the illegal or illegalists which wanted without waiting to practice anarchism (and thus to be unaware of purely and simply “laws”, considered as illegitimate), to diffuse it (theory of the Propagande by the fact ) and to fight actively against oppressions, including by violence. Concretely, of the anarchists swindled, stolen and killed in the name of their doctrines , with like victims of powerful (princes, ministers, rich person, insurance companies, etc), of the servants of the State (customs, police, etc), and of more ordinary people. Whatever was the real importance of this current, it enormously struck the spirits. In addition and conversely, by nonviolence, of the pacifist anarchists, refused the Conscription and practiced the Insoumission: in the context of the time, that was also (even more!) unbearable. All that was used to explain the installation of the “laws scélérates” at the end of the 19th century in many countries and stigmatized the unit with the anarchists, while “anarchist” or “Ravachol” became insults.

The use of the libertarian term was spread besides in France with the prohibition of the words of anarchism, for company names and legal (to be the author of “ anarchistic propaganda ” remained liable to prison until in 1994).

Anarchy like drank Anarchisme

Anarchists vis-a-vis anarchy-saddle-oyster

The Anarchiste S in general reject the current design of anarchy (used in the language running, by the media and the political powers). For them, on the contrary, the order is born from the Liberté, while the capacities generate the disorder (see historical terms). Certain anarchists will use of the term Acratie, of the Greek “ kratos ” (capacity) thus literally “absence of being able”, rather than of the term “anarchy”, of Greek etymology him also, which seems to them become ambiguous, carrying an positive aspect but a too great negative connotation to be able to be employed like synonym of a desirable objective. In the same way, the anarchists will rather tend to use the term of “Libertaire S” to indicate, or indifferently those of “federalistic S”, “anti-étatistes” or “anti-authoritative”.
Il sometimes happened at Bakounine itself to use “anarchy” within the meaning of disorder, and one finds this meaning in the writings of the Central committee of International Genevese the. These formulations are not found however more among current anarchists.

Anarchy, libertarian company

However, the anarchists still use the term, carrying an indissociable history of other concepts which are attached to it like the anarchism or the positive Anarchie of Proudhon (which is besides the first to give a precise direction to the word anarchy, used before as an insult in the political circles without ever to have been truly defined).

Anarchy with the eyes of the anarchists is not a chaos, but the harmonious situation resulting from the abolition of the State and all the forms of the exploitation of the man by the man, " it is the order without the pouvoir" , " the highest expression of the ordre" (Elisee Recluse). Based on the equality between the individuals, free association, very often the Federation and the Self-management, even for some collectivism, anarchy thus is organized, structured, without admitting for as much, with the eyes of the anarchists anticapitalists, of unspecified principle of superiority of the organization on the individual.

One can note that among all anarchists essential quality is the individual responsibility (associate with the natural Right) which makes it possible to act in the personal interest without make an attempt on the freedom of the others. Only elected are it, by voluntarism and without precise duration, with an aim and on a precise mandate, and there does not exist thus null form of domination nor of government.

Historical experiments

Anarchy lived, to differing degree through the history.

In revolutionary periods

During the Common of Paris (which is as much asserted by the socialist S than the communist ) in 1871
In 1911, test of creation of a “socialist republic of Low-California”, in particular by the brothers Flores Magón.
In 1914, the movement Ghadar, animated by the anarchist Lala Hardayal, who develops an anarchistic idea of company enracinée in the vedic writings .
During the Russian Revolution, in Ukraine, Nestor Makhno leads the Makhnovchina during two years (1918 - 9). In addition, the libertarian thought was strongly present at the time of the Révolte of Kronstadt (March 1921).
In Bavaria, in 1919, the anarchists Gustav Landauer and Erich Müsham take an active part in the Soviet republic of Bavaria.
At the time of the Spanish Revolution (1936 - 38), in certain areas (Catalonia, Andalusia, Raising, Aragon, etc)
During the war 1939 - 45, in Italy, creation, by the resistant ones, of a libertarian republic close to Carrara marble.

In periods not-revolutionists

the free State Icelandic ( Þjóðveldisöld in Icelandic) of 930 with 1262 with the Althing and the goðar .
With the Brazil, in 1891, in the Parana, creation of the Colony of Cecilia.
With the Paraguay, in 1896, Creation of the Cosme co-operative.
With the Mexico, in 1881, creation of the socialist metropolis of occident.
In Spain, end of the 19th century, creation of Escuela moderna by Francisco To shoe
In France, end 19th century and beginning 20th century, creation of various libertarian colonies (Aiglemont, Be worth, Saint-Maur, Cempuis, etc)
In France, in 1904, creation of the private school the Hive (close to Rambouillet).

Contemporary period

In other places and more recent periods, certain people were inspired partly by certain principles of anarchy:

the common of Oaxaca to the Mexico, of June 27th, 2006 (creation of the Popular Assembly of the people of Oaxaca - APPO) at October 27th, 2006 (intervention of the army), which nacquit of the strike of the teachers begun on May 22nd, 2006. The movement extended then to common the close relations.
the Common of Atenco to Mexico (2002-2003) which lived without communal authority, even fought it (as much as that of the State) during more than two years and self-managed the commune;
free communes of Kabylie (since 2001);
the crisis Argentine since the end of December 2001, where most of the population quasi daily expresses with for slogan “ ¡ That vayan todos! ” (“That they all from go away! ”), in assemblies of district, and practical the Autogestion is organized (factories and supermarkets occupied and self-managed), and;
the free commune Christiana with Copenhagen with the Denmark, experiment of an autonomous/self-managed squat;
Various experiments at the time of the revolt of May 68.
Écovillage
Free party
Squat S

See too

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