Anarchist-Zionism
The anarchist-Zionism is a current Jewish anarchist, appeared at the end of the 19th century, which militates in favor of a " National hearth Juif" libertarian, associative and without state.
Origins
The anarcho- Sionisme is born in reaction with the rise from the Antisémitisme in Europe at the end of the 19th century: large Russian Pogroms of the years 1880, Business Dreyfus in France.
Anarchists, like Socialists, come from there to think that the Jewish question cannot make the saving in a society project Jewish separate, but integrated into a world revolutionary project.
Doctrines
For the anarchist-Zionists, it was a question of founding a national hearth without State.
It should be recalled that if the founders of anarchism were hostile with the state, they were not it inevitably with the idea of nation: the human communities, as long as they are with voluntary adhesions, are fully integrated in the anarchistic project. During the 20th century, the attitude of the anarchists with respect to the nation however became increasingly critical.
The anarchist-Zionists will not adhere all to the Zionism Theodor Herzl, too official with their taste.
The known members of this tendency, fully members of anarchistic mobility, are at the end of the 19th century Henri Dorr, Mécislas Golberg or Bernard Lazare. Joseph Trumpeldor, which later became a hero of the right-hand side Zionist (see Betar), was also in the beginning an anarchist and a disciple of Kropotkine. He declared, " I am a anarchist-Communist and a Zionist . " Its program for a network trade unionist of socialist communities, formulated in 1908-1909, influenced the creation of the Kibboutz im.
Evolution during the XIX century
Anarchistic groups more or less influenced by the Zionism functioned at the 20th century. An small group of militants thus diffused in Tel-Aviv shortly after the creation of Israel the American anarchistic newspaper in Yiddish Freie Arbeiter Stimme (the Voice of the free workman).
The Jewish anarchistic group of Paris, Der Fraier Gedank (the free Thought), which was not officially Zionist, will see some of its members nevertheless emigrating towards Israel after the creation of the state. They will take part in it in the creation of an Israeli anarchistic newspaper: Problemen , published in Hebrew Yiddish and , and which will cease its publication only in 1993.
The dominant attitude of the anarchists with regard to the Zionism remained held, but not always hostile, until the great Arab revolt of 1935-1939. Thereafter, the character considered as potentially oppressive of Jewish nationalism, like whole nationalism, will be criticized more and more: “Only the rejection of any nationalism and the free and fraternal agreement of the hard-working populations will be able to save Palestine of the cruelty which is extending”. “In Palestine, the State brings the indisputable proof that it causes the war of the fact even of its presence”.
But certain anarchistic currents, in particular at the Jewish militants, will preserve also a certain fascination for the Kibbutz. One will see even nonJewish anarchists immigrating in Israel to settle in the Kibboutz im. It is thus the case of Joseph Ribas, militant of Spanish CNT, war veteran of the Guerre of Spain, which settles with woman and children in the Kibbutz Hahotrim , in the South of Haïfa.
With final, the anarchist-Zionism remains current completely marginal, not only within the Sionisme, but also of the anarchistic movement. Its ideological influence on part of the left Zionist will be on the other hand rather important.
Influences
The anarchistic current influenced in the beginning the party Zionist Hapoel Hatzaïr (young workman), one of the two founders (in 1930) of the workers party Israélien Mapaï, and more still its radical dissidence, the Hachomer Hatzaïr (young guard), one of the founders in 1948 of the Mapam (extreme left Zionist).
Yitzhak Tabenkin, one of the leader of Hapoel then of Mapaï (after 1930), has clearly is subject to the influence of anarchism.
These two movements never regarded them-even as strictly anarchistic. The Kibboutz im, that they largely contributed to create, however are very marked by the doctrines anarchist-Communists: not (or little) of being able elected, insistence on the co-operation of the members, radical collectivism, strict egalitarianism.
See also: Kibbutz
See too
External bond
- libertarian historical Test of great dimension
- Anarchists, Zionism and birth of the State of Israel