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Ford (officially Ford Motor Company ) is a American Car manufacturer .
History
It is the June 16th 1903, which Henry Ford created the Ford Motor Company with a capital of 150 000 dollars of which 28 000 dollars of its pocket. The factory is installed in an old factory of hackney carriages of Détroit, it knows difficult beginnings. But Henry Ford swarms with ideas: in five years, it creates 19 different models.Success comes in 1908 with the arrival from famous the Ford T the August 12th 1908. This model will be sold with more than 15 million specimens in the world. The success of Ford T was such as demand will exceed. Ford did not even need to make publicity of 1917 with 1923.
To produce Ford T, Henry Ford had to set up a new work method called the Fordisme inspired directly of the Taylorisme, itself named O.S.T. (Scientific management), which will be spread quickly within the whole of the processing industries.
To face a relative saturation of the market resulting from a very broad diffusion of Ford T, Henry Ford works out the principle of the renewal of the versions for his cars. New versions of Ford T appear, sometimes with minor modifications compared to the previous models, so that the market is regularly stimulated by this effect of mode.
The success of the Model T makes it possible at Ford to increase considerably with the the United States, but also in Asia (1909), in South America, Europe (1911) and in Australia (1925), of new production sites and assembly are born. This fulgurating development is accompanied by a single system of remuneration for the time: 5 dollars for eight work hours per day in 1914.
During the First World War, Ford produces Sous-marin S, tank S, Avion S and Ambulance S for the Alliés. The company launches out thereafter in the production of Camion S and Tracteur S (Fordson) in 1917. The production Aéronautique in 1925 (plane Tri-Motor) will follow, unfortunately stopped by the economic depression which will prevail in the United States after the Crise of 1929. In 1919, Henry Ford takes his retirement and transmits the capacities to his/her single son, Edsel, while continuing to be interested of very close at the company.
In the years 1920, the fordism and its corollaries - mechanization, improvement of the work conditions and the development of the economy - make of Henry Ford a popular hero in the USSR and the sales of Ford vehicles multiply by ten between 1922 and 1925.
At the same time, it buys the newspaper " The dearborn Independant" that it transforms into platform anti-semite. It will compile later its articles in the book " The Jew international" , translated into several languages, and which inspired the writings of Adolf Hitler. Thus, Henri Ford have the immense privilege to be only the American site in " Mein Kempf" and to have its portrait in the office of Hitler (To read " The Américan Axis" of max Wallace).
January 1st 1925, Ford leaves its 10 millionth car.
In 1927 Ford decides to replace mythical the Ford T and launches the Ford has r4958459. Ford is established in a more important way in Europe, in particular with Bordeaux, France in 1925, with Dagenham, England in 1929, then with Cologne, Germany in 1930. These two sites will become the general headquarters of Ford Europe. In 1932, Ford will be the first manufacturer to market an engine V8.
The January 18th 1937, Ford leaves its 25 millionth car.
During the Second world war, after having largely supported the Nazi German, Ford will not be able to avoid devoting itself to the effort of war " allié" by building bombers, Jeep S, engines of planes, tanks.
The factories of Ford in Soviet Union produce a very great number of trucks and other vehicles for the Red Army , while the German factory (Fordwerke) and machines it Poissy in France produced a great number of military vehicles used by the Nazi S during the Second world war. Ford denied these allegations, however it is proven that the company had started to exploit the labor of workers forced and prisoners of war before even the institution of this very profitable exploitation by the government Nazi. Identical charges were carried against many American companies having activities in Europe at the time of the conflict. But none will have at this point inspired the Nazism.
The president of the company, Edsel Ford, dies prematurely in May 1943. It will be Henry Ford which will replace it until the elder one of its grandchildren, Henry Ford II, to him succeeds in September 1945. Henry Ford will not see the revival of his mark, it dies the April 7th 1947 at the 83 years age. Surprisingly, the past Nazi and anti-semite of Henri Ford were occulted in many of its biographies. It is true that Henri Ford incarnates such a model of success industrial that some prefer to mask the coarsest asperities of a man who will remain one of the " inventeurs" American anti-semitism.
Ford Motor Company is in a critical situation: the models are old, the company loses several million dollars per month. Henry Ford II then undertakes to reorganize and decentralize the company, to allow him to face a fierce competition. Forty-four manufacturing planies, eighteen factories of assembly, thirty-two distribution centers of spare parts and thirteen research centres/development are built. The Ford Credit Company (service of financing) is created in 1959, Motorcraft (spare parts) in 1961. Famous the Ford Mustang will leave in 1964 on the US market.
In January 1956, Ford Motor Company opens its capital with the public. The shareholders are 700.000 today. Between 1950 and 1970, the company will know a new world phase of development. On the European level, many infrastructures are installation, with, after the creation of Ford France, that of Ford Europe in 1967.
Ford acquires gradually the marks Lincoln (1922), Mazda (1979), Aston Martin (1987), Jaguar (1990) and Ford repurchased the mark Land Rover with BMW the March 17th 2000.
A long time second world manufacturer, behind the General Motors, Ford is since 2004 the third world Car manufacturer, exceeded by Toyota. He employs approximately 350.000 people in the world.
In 2005, Ford invited “to engage as of now an united action of the sectors public and deprived” to reduce the gas emissions to greenhouse effect.
In January 2006, vis-a-vis considerable losses and with the erosion of its market shares (of 25 % in 1998 with 18,6 % today), the company announces the suppression of 30 000 employment in North-American division.
January 25th, 2007, US Ford advertisement a loss record of 12,7 billion dollars for the year 2006. Ford Europe has a positive test.
In March 2007, the head office announces the transfer of Aston Martin with a group of British investors for a sum bordering the billion euros. Aston Martin however had just carried out a benefit of approximately 150 million euros for the first time for several years.
The collectors of Ford cars are gathered within the Obsolete Club Ford France, the historical club of the mark in France.
Seek
Ford finances various projects: the company supports the team of Joel Schindall to the MIT which works on a prototype of Nanocondensateur.In Europe
The European subsidiary company of Ford is one of the six large European car manufacturers. She collaborates with Peugeot-Citroen, with which she produces her engines jointly diesel. Based in Germany, Ford Europe has factories in the following countries:- Germany:
- Belgium:
- Spain:
- France:
- Poland:
- the United Kingdom:
- Turkey:
Models of Ford cars
European models
Old American models
Current American models
Concept bus
Production
- 1925 : exit of the ten millionth vehicle
- 1931: exit of the twenty millionth vehicle
- 1937: exit of the twenty-five millionth vehicle
- 1959: exit of the fifty millionth vehicle
- 1977: exit of the hundred millionth vehicle
- 2003: left the three hundred millionth vehicle, it is a Ford Mustang
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