Amilcare Cipriani

Amilcare Cipriani , born with Anzio in the province of Rome the October 18th 1843 and died in Paris the May 2nd 1918, is a patriot Italy N.

Biography

First engagements

Amilcare Cipriani is born on October 18th, 1843 in Anzio, of a family originating in Rimini which goes back there whereas Amilcare is an infant. Like Guido Nozzoli in a biography (1954) writes it, Cipriani is baptized by his/her father “with gunpowder”. It leaves voluntary in 1859 by dissimulating its age and it fights “as a demon” with the Bataille of Solferino where it there more: 27000 died and wounded. It follows Giuseppe Garibaldi in Sicily. With the royal army, it takes part thereafter in the operations against the brigands of the the Abruzzi. Again in the troops garibaldiennes in 1862, it escapes the capture after the episode from Aspromonte and it flees in Greece survivor with a shipwreck of the ship that it takes it along. Not being able to return in Italy and to avoid the prison, it goes in Egypt where it is employed by the Dervieux bank and works with the exploration of the funds of the the Nile.

The Egyptian legion

For the Third war of Independence, it created the “Egyptian legion” without taking the command of it, and he leaves for Brescia where he enlists again with Garibaldi. After this period, it precipitates with Héraklion to fight the Turkish. Again in Egypt, the September 12th 1867 it takes part in a brawl where to defend oneself it kills three people including two police officers. Clandestinely, it leaves to London where it lives by making the photographer. It carries out the portrait of the queen Vittoria and as a sign of friendship that of Giuseppe Mazzini (famous carried it in meditation). In 1870 Cipriani leaves London to answer the call of Mazzini which requires of him to create hearths of Guérilla in the province of Lucques. It goes back to London where a message of his friend the professor Gustave Flourens reaches him which it knew in Héraklion: it must join it with Paris. The France, the September 2nd 1870 is overcome with Sedan by the Prussia. The day following the imperial mode of Paris is reversed, the Third republic is born. The March 18th, a popular insurrection creates the Commune of Paris choked in blood the May 21st. Here also Cipriani is in first line, it is named Head of State major. April 3rd, going on Versailles, it is wounded, captured, condemned to death, it is off-set in New Caledonia by a grace of the government which it did not solicit.

The return to Rimini

It is amnestied then expelled. In 1881 it returns to Italy via Switzerland. It arrives by train at Rimini where it hopes to meet his Felice father, seriously sick. His/her mother died of sorrow during the days of the commune of Paris. As Vittorio Emiliani tells it (in “Libertari di Romagna”, 1995, p. 37), Cipriani “does not even have time to go down from the footboard of the car which it is stopped”. It is thus stopped the January 31st 1881 for " conspirations" , and condemned to 20 years of bagne. It is led to the castle malatestiana, the next day, his Amalia sister forwards to him a mattress, covers and clothing. It receives food of his friends, it annotates: “Really excellent. These are the only good moments that I had in prison”. With the comrade Caio Renzetti, Cipriani crystallized: “If Mazzini were of this world, I am certain, it would not have let me condemn to 20 years without raising the voice in the name of Italian justice so infinitely trampled and dishonoured”. In order to make it release, at the time of the political elections, the local extreme left always chooses Amilcare Cipriani. Four times during the years 1886 - 1887, they are cancelled by the government. The countryside to make it release ends only in 1888.

Last years

Of return in France where he collaborates in the anarchistic press: " Plébéien". In 1897, it leaves for Greece to fight against the Turks where it is again wounded. July 30th, 1898, in Italy, one condemns it again, with five anarchists, at 3 years of prison. In France, it militates then within the revolutionary socialist movement.

Cipriani disappears in 1918 in Paris, in “its” Montmartre. When it passed in the street, people looked with respect this man who had always shouted “war with the war” and whom only the weight of the years had made fold slightly.

In 1993 the town of Anzio fixed a commemorative plaque on the enclosing wall of the Albani Villa where was born a hundred and fifty years before Cipriani.

The London period

Over the London period and concerning the relationship with Giuseppe Mazzini, Emiliani (p. 31) tells that when Cipriani will knock on the door of Mazzini “this one poses the hand to him on the shoulder while saying to him simply: `I know all'”. The London period, adds Emiliani, east can be that quietest of its life: “it is occupied as photographer, apprentice in the studio created by Leonida and Vincenzo Caldesi” and also to help its compatriots in exiles. “Intelligent, hard, original, Cipriani deviate a very good photographer quickly”, but the London period is also that where the revolutionary ideas to carry out the justice about which he intends to speak by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that he knows personally, mature. The political distance with Mazzini increases. Emiliani defines Amilcare Cipriani as follows: “Man of few ideas, simple but firm”, on the contrary Indro Montanelli, appealing “picturesque and unmethodical one”, does one of them carried impetuous: “its past, its beard of prophet, his hat at the broad edges, its gribouilleuse eloquence, made of him a " show-off " irresistible. He preached that there needed ideas because actually, did not have any to him no” (“Storia d' Italia, VI”, 2003, pp. 189-190).

Riminesi in France

The riminesi (inhabitants of Rimini) which in 1870 follow Garibaldi to France for the defense of the republic including ten eight. Seven die in Dijon (Nino Carradori, Germano Ceccarelli, Sante Medici, Fidenzio Parigi, Leonida Rastelli, Bruto Serpieri and Marco Zavoli). Two other volunteers leave France with serious wounds, one is Caio Zavoli, the brother of Marco died in Dijon. Captain of the “Egyptian Legion” which has work in Burgundy, Caio is the “regulator” of the international section made up of about fifty people (they will be 144 in 1874). In fact also part his/her other brother, Bruto. Both are at the origin of the socialist movement with Rimini. The war veterans of France are accommodated in a hostile way by the population because of criticisms of Giuseppe Mazzini with regard to the Communards.

Anecdotes

The photography of the queen

The scene of the photography of the Victoria queen is in the center of an account that Cipriani made to the journalist Luigi Campolonghi, quoted by Emiliani (p. 32): “she spoke with the people about her continuation, she joked, she was agitated and me I unnecessarily consumed all the plates prepared with loves and sorrows”. Cipriani is keep silent and having lost patience launches: “Madam, if you do not remain quiet, I will not make your portrait!” . This carried, adds Emiliani, carried out by the “redder man of Italy”, must certainly be in the collection of Buckingham Palace (p. 32). “We do not have any image of the woman however that Cipriani liked in these London years, the Frenchwoman Adolphine Rouet who gave him a girl”.

Characteristic

a street of Saint-Ouen and Reggio of Emilie bears her name

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