American revolutionary popular Alliance
APRA ( Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana ) is a movement and a Peruvian political party founded by Víctor Raúl Haya of Torre.
Origins of the Movement
It is considered that the official founding document of the APRA as a Latin-American political movement is the handing-over by Haya of Torre the May 7th 1921 of the flag Indian-American to the Federation of the students of Mexico City. Its principles, proposing the creation of a Latin-American single Face (or Indian American according to the terminology of Haya of Torre), are exposed in 5 points in an article published in the December issue of 1926 of the British review " The Monthly" Ploughing; What' S a.P.R.A. (in English):- Action against the Impérialisme Yankee.
- For the political unit of the Latin America.
- For the nationalization of the grounds and the large companies.
- For the internationalization of the Channel of Panamá.
- For solidarity with all the people and classes oppressed in the world.
The APRA in the Peruvian political game
Haya of Torre goes back to Peru in 1931 to present itself to the presidential election. But he is imprisoned during 15 month and the APRA is interdict until in 1934 then between 1935 and 1945. In 1945, Jose Luis Bustamante Rivero becomes there president with the support of the APRA. In 1948, dissidents of the party revolt with Callao and the APRA is again declared illegal. In November, Manuel A. Odría seizes the capacity and Haya of Torre must take refuge with the embassy of Colombia in Lima.The party is authorized again in 1956. In 1962, Haya of Torre is represented with the presidential election, which it gains but without the margin necessary to be elected in accordance with the constitution. A military Junte cancels the elections then. New elections take place in 1963, but Haya of Torre is beaten. The party remains an opposition party until in 1979. Again authorized, it obtains to the majority of the seats in the constitutional assembly . But the fights of succession which make following the disappearance of the founder the August 2nd 1979 prevent the party from effectively contributing to the presidential election.
The presidential election of 1985 sees the victory of its candidate Alan García Pérez. The party thus reaches the capacity in Peru until in 1990 after more than 50 years of political struggle.
The APRA today
Currently (2006), the Partido Aprista Peruano is directed by the president of Peru Alan García Pérez. Unfortunate candidate in 2001 this one stood again as a candidate to the presidential election of the April 9th 2006 and was elected with 55% of the voices. The party is very present in the North of the country in particular in the area of Région of Libertad, faithful to the memory of the founder born with Trujillo. He is member of the Internationale Socialist and COPPPAL , and positions today in a political tendency Social-démocrate. The anthem of the party is the Marseillaise with Spanish words: “Marsellesa Aprista”.The specialists agree for the majority to say that the APRA is the only Peruvian political party in the sense that it is oldest existing in the country, Partido Comunista Péruano having succumbed to the mistrust of the population with regard to the left created by the terrorism of the Luminous Sentier.
It is thus endowed with a better organization (geographical, ideological…) that majority of the other parties which are formed sporadically. It should nevertheless be noticed that following the first Apriste government of the president Alan García having plunged the country in a deep crisis, the Peruvians were wary of the APRA until 2006 when they re-elected García.
Bond external
- http://www.apra.org.pe official site of the APRA in Peru
- http://www.apra.org.pe/marsellesa.asp words of the Marseillaise of the APRA
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