Ambroise Paré

Ambroise Paré , born towards 1510 with Borough-Harrow, close to Laval and died the December 20th 1590 with Paris, was a surgeon and Anatomiste French.

Ambroise Paré is the Chirurgie N of the battle fields, the father of the modern Chirurgie. He is the inventor many instruments. The new use of the firearms leads to new wounds that one cauterizes with red iron or the ebullient Huile with the risk to kill the casualty. It develops the binding Artère S, which it substitutes for the Cautérisation, in the amputations.

I it pansay, God the guarist (in average Frenchman)
I bandaged it and God cures it.

Everyone knows this expression but much less its author.

Origin

He was born in 1509 with Laval in Mayenne (more precisely with Borough-Harrow, close to Avesnières). His/her father was most probably barber, who, dissatisfied with the lessons of an ineffective chaplain, places his son as kitchen boy in the countess of Laval. He is thus private of Greek and Latin, and becomes apprentice in the barber of the count. Curious and skilful, it cuts the hair, arranges the wigs and goes here and there to bandage the ulcers. Avoided started then its training in a barber of Angers or Vitré, and continued it with Paris, close to his/her brother. His/her father had four children: Jean Paré, who was barber-surgeon with Vitré, in Brittany; X. Avoided, which went to be also established coffretier with Paris, street of Huchette; Anne Paré, which married Claude Viart, surgeon sworn Paris (dead the September 19th 1581) and Ambroise.

Surgeon

In 1529, it returns like companion surgeon to the Hospital and declares: “ It is nothing to divide into sheets the books to chirp, of caqueter in pulpit of the surgery, if the hand does not put of use what the reason orders ”. During three years, Paré côtoie “all that can be of deterioration and diseases to the human body”. It observes sick and corpses and enriches its anatomical knowledge. At the end of its studies, it chooses, undoubtedly for financial reasons, to stick to the service of the duke Rene de Montjean, colonel general of infantry. He becomes Master barber-surgeon in 1536.

Battle fields

Accompanying the duke, it receives the baptism of fire in 1537 with the Bataille of the No Suse. It there practices the first desarticulation of the elbow and discovers that the powder of the Arquebuse S does not poison the wounds as it was believed. He sees atrocious scenes and successfully tries to soften the too brutal methods of cure which consist in for example cauterizing the wounds with ebullient oil. With died of Montjean, Ambroise Paré is of return to Paris; he Marie and enters to the service of the Count de Rohan.

In 1542, it assists with the head office of Perpignan, then occupied by the Spanish . The attempts at Rohan to take again the city fail, but Paré, him, continuous to work out surgical novel methods. The marshal of Brissac having received a ball in the shoulder, it with the idea to replace the casualty in the initial position at the time of the impact to recover the stray bullet.

The completed countryside, it is put at the drafting of the account of its voyages which it wishes to make appear in French. But it needs the support of the king vis-a-vis the medical college to see succeeding its project; in 1545 it publishes the Method to treat the wounds made by the arquebuts and others let us bastons with fire, and those which are done by the gunpowder then a Traité on the childbirth and the anatomy .

With the seat of Danvilliers, it must cut down one by the gentlemen of the army of the count de Rohan. Rather than to apply red iron to avoid the hemorrhage, it tries its new method and binding the arteries of the casualty, who will be restored. To died of Rohan, killed close to Nancy, Paré enters to the service of Antoine of Bourbon, king of Navarre then to that of Henri II of France, which admitted it with the number of its ordinary surgeons to with dimensions of Nicolas Lavernot, Jean d' Amboise and Jean Fromager. From now on, the career of Avoided will be closely related to the destiny of the sovereigns of its country. It took part in several military campaigns at the sides of the King.

In 1557, with the seat of St Quentin in Picardy, it notes that the maggots of a certain fly help with the cicatrization of the wounds of casualties. the Asticothérapie is today developed or redécouverte, useful against the stocks nosocomiales of bacteria in particular.

Surgeon of the king

It is after having brilliantly cured François of Lorraine, duke of Own way, in 1551 that Paré was named Premier Chirurgien of the King.

In 1553 he is prisoner with the Siège of Hesdin (Old Hesdin before its destruction by Charles Quint). Seeking an official recognition, Paré decides to obtain the title of doctor of surgery; its " fellow-members " try to be opposed to it but the support of the king is strongest and it receives the title so much coveted the December 8th 1554, without to have had to pass the tests of Latin.

At 45 years he is surgeon barber in a graver; the barber-surgeons founded the Confrérie of Saint-Like. He acquired great experience during the war of Italy and on the other battle fields. Its Works are the 40 years result of practice.

In 1561 and 1562, it publishes two other works of which its universal Anatomie of the human body . He becomes first surgeon near the king Charles IX. Avoided is returned to the help of the armies, initially with Rouen, then with Dreux and the Havre. The wars of religion opponent catholics and Protestants began again of more beautiful, ensanglantant the country for the thirty years to come. By 1564 with 1566, Paré accompanies Charles IX visits some through France and benefits from it to flush out new tracks of research.

The greatest innovation is to bind or to bandage with a mixture of terpentine and oil, egg yolk rather than to burn the wounds. He swears not to burn also cruelly the wounded poor more. It is between Charles IX and Ambroise Paré that this verbal exchange will take place:

“ - I hope well that you will better look after the kings that the poor?
- Not Lord, it is impossible.
- And why?
- Because I look after the poor like kings”

With the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre, it is protected by the family from the Own way. Firm in its convictions huguenotes, it would have, says one, answered the king who tried to convince it to abjure: “By the light of God, Lord, I believe that it remembers to have promised to me to never order oneself four things, to know: to return in the belly of my mother, to perforate me with a play of battle, to leave your service and of going to the mass. ”

Widower in 1573 with a child, it remarie at once and will have 6 other children, the last at 73 years. One of its grandsons is François Hédelin. Crowned in 1574, Henri III of France keeps it near him as a first surgeon.

Publications

Ambroise Paré then suspends his voyages to devote itself to the drafting of his works. Autodidact not knowing neither the Greek nor the Latin , it published his French works intentionally, with the encouragements of the court and of his famous contemporaries, of which Pierre de Ronsard. This last addressed two poems, placed to him at the head volume of its works in 1575. “ I ay desired escrire in other langaige only the vulgar one of nostre nation, not wanting estre these curious ones, and far too supersticieux, which wants cabaliser arts and to tighten them soubs the loix some language particular ” explains Paré in its Foreword. Etienne Gourmelen, senior of the Medical college, surrounded doctors who should have supported Paré, tried on sale to be opposed to the setting book, pretexting that it contained abominable things, contrary with the good morals. The business was carried out before the Parliament, without success and the book was distributed and put on sale without modifications.

He dies in Paris in 1590 without seeing the entry of Henri IV of France in the city. He will be buried at the time of great funeral to the church Saint-Andre-of-Arts of Paris.

Famous patients of Ambroise Paré

Works

  • Briefve collection of the anatomical administration, with the manner of cojoindre bones, and to extract the enfans tat bit that vivans of the belly of the mother, at the time nature of foy peult to come has its effect
  • Two books of surgery, of the generation of the man, & manner of extracting the enfans out of the belly from the mother, unit what it is necessary to make to do it better, & more tost to be confined, with the cure of several diseases which luy can occur
  • Discours of Ambroise Paré: has to know, mumy, unicorn, venoms, plague. With a table of the most notable matters contained esdits speech
  • Ten books of the surgery: with the store of the instrumens necessary to icelle
  • manner of traicter the playes faictes as well by hacquebutes, as by arrows, & the accidentz the icelles ones, like fractures & decays of the bones, gangrene & mortification, with the pourtraictz of the necessary instrumentz for their treatment
  • works of Mr. Ambroise Paré,…: with the figures & portraicts so much of the anatomy than of the surgical instruments, & several monsters
  • Traicté of the plague, small pox & measles…: with a brefve description of leprosy
  • Traicté of the plague, small pox & measles…

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