Amaury Ier of Jerusalem
Amaury Ier of Jerusalem (1136 - 1174), king de Jérusalem, wire of Foulque of Anjou, king de Jérusalem and of Mélisende of Jerusalem
He marries in first weddings in 1158 Agnès de Courtenay, girl of Josselin II of Courtenay, count d' Edesse and had two children:
When it succeeds his brother Baudouin III in 1162, the barons judged Agnès de Courtenay too light and too covetous to become queen and obliged Amaury to separate some.
Vis-a-vis unified and powerful Moslem Syria, he sought to be combined with the Egypt, of confession Chiite contrary to Syria which was Sunnite. The cafifat fatimite of Egypt had fallen into the last degrees from the decline and in prey to power struggles. The vizier Chawar, driven out, took refuge near Nur AD-DIN which sent (1164) one of its lieutenants Shirkuh to restore it in Cairo. But Shirkuh remained in Egypt to impose a protectorate and Chawak called then upon Amaury Ist Amaury tackles and gains several successes over Chirkouk, but the Holy Land is in its turn invaded by Nur AD-DIN which seek to protect its lieutenant, the fortified towns of Arim and of Paneas were taken and Bohémond III of Antioche was made prisoner. A compromise intervened, and Amaury and Chirkouk evacuated Egypt.
In 1167, Nur AD-DIN again sent Chirkouk to seize Egypt, but Amaury intervened and succeeds in holding Chirkouk in failure and making pass Egype under protectorate francs.
Unfortunately, Amaury made a serious strategic error in October 1168: it decided to make the conquest of Egypt, but the Egyptians burned Cairo to prevent that the Francs do not seize any. Amaury renonça with its company, but the evil was made. The Egyptians called upon Nur AD-DIN which sent Chirkouk. This one made the conquest of the country, reversed the vizier (January 1169) and became itself vizier. He died two months later (March 23rd, 1169), leaving like heir his nephew Saladin.
To limit the damage, Amaury concludes an alliance with Byzance and married fine 1168 Marie Comnène, niece of Manuel I {{er}} Comnène. They had a girl Isabelle who became queen of Jerusalem.
Amaury and Manuel tried to take again Egypt and besieged Damiette, but failed.
It went to Constantinople at spring 1171 in order to quérir a new help there to attack Egypt; emissary are also sent in the kingdoms of Occident. Amaury was there accepted with more the great honors by Manuel. At the end of its stay, Manuel covered it with gold and gifts, and renews the treaty which binds them. Amaury learns from Frederic of the Rock, the bishop of Tyr, return of its embassy in Occident which no help is to be hoped of the western powers.
Amaury was preparing a new forwarding in Egypt, when he died of typhus the July 11th 1174.
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