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Ass Domini , or more exactly Nostri Ass Domini Jesu Christi , literally means An of the Lord , An of our Lord Jesus-Christ . This term evokes the supposed year of the birth of Jesus-Christ such as it was evaluated at the 6th century. Issued Year 1, this year inaugurates the Christian era , sometimes called conventional era to avoid the reference to the religion; this system of dating is included/understood - if not approved - by all the worldwide organizations.

This dating was calculated by basing on the Liber of Paschate of Denys Small the, published towards 525; it had been charged by the papal chancellor Bonofacius with conceiving a method to envisage the date of Easter according to the “Alexandrine Rule”. Up to that point, the birth date of Jesus rested on the indication of the Luc evangelist: Jesus was 30 years old in year 15 of Tibère. Clement of Alexandria made coincide this dating with the 28e year following the catch of Alexandria by Auguste, Hippolyte of Rome and the Orose historian with the year 752 ab urbe condita, Eusèbe de Césarée with the 42e year of Auguste.
However Denys the Small one took for departure on March 25th of the following year, 753 ab urbe condita , because it offered a coincidence with the New moon of Spring. Indeed, this year - which corresponded to year 1 before the Christian era, is year 0 on the scale of the astronomers - the new moon of spring occurred on March 24th with 11:28 YOU. The close years did not offer this coïncidence.
Since the 4th century the Annunciation, celebrates Incarnation, was commemorated on March 25th. Also Denis the Small one did not hesitate to sacrifice the rigor of the reference marks given by the Luc evangelist, with an astral coincidence. Its calendar of the dates of Easter, approved by the pope Jean II into 533, was used to determine the new era which was to succeed that of Dioclétien. The birth of Jesus being some deferred to December 25th, 753, year 1 of the Domini Ass was aligned over the year Julienne, 754 ab urbe condita .

Anno Domini is shortened in A.D. This term is used by the anglophone to characterize the posterior years with this birth in the Calendrier Julien then the Gregorian . In French one speaks about the years after Jesus-Christ (“a. J. - C.” in summary). In the old texts, one finds the phrase after Our-Lord Jesus-Christ (a. NSJC).

In France, it will be used only as from the 8th century. About jointly, Bède Worthy the introduced its use into the Anglo-Saxon world. It will be however a long time in competition with other points of origin.

Conversely at years “A.D.”, the Anglo-Saxons speak about years “B.C. ” ( before Christ ) or “B.C.E.” ( before Christian Era or before Common Era ) for the years which precede the Domini Ass. The French-speaking people speak about years before Jesus-Christ (“front J. - C.” in summary). It exists there also form “front NSJC” for before Our-Lord Jesus-Christ .

The Gregorian calendar is employed by the major part of the world, who uses in fact a dating referring to the Christianisme.

Historical validity

The Christian era based on the calendar of Denis the Small one thus offered two years of delay on the chronological reference marks of the Gospel of Luc and the correspondences suggested by the historians of Antiquity. There was more than four years of delay on the reference marks of the Gospel of Matthieu, according to which Jesus would have been born at least two years before death Hérode Large the in -4, if one considers the account of the “Massacre of the innocent”.
It is advisable to recognize that the two Gospels are contradictory.
Les Lucaniens reference mark, because it lend itself to it could be studied according to the sources of the Roman History, in particular these first verses of the second chapter: In this time an edict of César Auguste appeared, ordering a census of " all the terre" (all Roman empire). This first census took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria. All were going to be made register, each one in its city. Joseph also went up of Galileo, of the town of Nazareth, to go to Judaea, in the town of David, called Bethléhem because it was house and of the family of David, in order to be made register with Marie, its promised in marriage, who was enceinte. Another translation, noting the absence of article in the Greek text, gives the following version: “When Quirinius became governor of Syria, this one became the first census”, cf article of Vinandi published in the biblical Revue in 1997.

The reading offered by the Codex Bezae does not present a grammatical difficulty and corresponds to a turning of the traditional Greek: “This recording proved to be the first, Quirinius being a governor of Syria”. While writing these lines, Luc realized that the census in question was only the first. He took place in year 2 before the Christian era or 752 ab urbe condita , and he is attested by the inscription of Aemilius Secundus called Titulus Venetus. There was then a second census indicated out of ac 5:37 and that Flavius Josèphe dated precisely from year 6; according to him, Quirinius had been then sent in the Roman province of Syria as Juge and Critic, not as Gouverneur of province. It had thus achieved two legations in Syria, which are attested by Titulus Tiburtinus that Theodore Mommsen returned in Quirinius. The whole of these historical sources are coherent between them, since one does not seek the forced conciliation of the two Gospels.

Year zero

See also: Year zero

There does not exist An 0 in the Christian era (Domini Ass). " is not said; the century 1" or " the millenium 1" , but " the first millénaire". There exists the first and the second Millénaire after J. - C.; the first or the second century before the birth of Jesus-Christ also exists. But contrary to the calculation of the age for a person (who gives " a an" once the first 12 months spent, i.e. 1 completed year ), there was amalgamates between " first année" and " year 1".

Indeed the use of the number 0 in Europe is posterior with the creation of the Domini Ass. One thus spends directly “year I front J. - C.” at “year I a. J. - C.” Christian era. Thus January 1st 1 mark the beginning of the first Année, of the first Décennie, the first Siècle, of the first Millénaire, which finishes respectively the December 31st 1, on December 31st 10, on December 31st 100, on December 31st 1000. Thus the 20th century and it were completed on December 31st, 2000; and the 21e century began on January 1st 2001.

However to simplify calculations of éphémérides, the modern astronomers define one year 0 which corresponds to the year " - 1" historians, noted year 1 av. J.C
The year -1 of the astronomers corresponding to the year 2 av. J.C of the historians, and thus of suite.
Note: the notation " year -2 front J.C." would be an aberration.

It should be noted that the revolutionary Calendar French, well after the invention of the zero, begins him also directly at the year 1.
Note: it is in fact normal, because any calendar is a system of counting which starts inevitably to 1, and it is not a measurement which would start to 0!

Christmas or the New Year's Day? Or the “D-day” of the beginning of the calendar

If the calendar starts with the birth of Christ, why the year begin doesn't it also the day of its birth?

In the Judaism, the Circoncision takes place at the eighth day of the male newborn, in the presence of ten adult men (miniane) and is a rite founder. It marks the entry of the male newborn in the community of the men.

In the Christianity, the circumcision of Jesus is celebrated each year on January 1st (eight day after Jesus-Christ was born symbolically a December 25th) and this date and not its birth which marks the entry of Jesus in the community of the men and the beginning of the An 1. This date is registered, until in 1970, like the Saint-Foreskin in the calendar roman catholic. The Saint Foreskin was even a venerated relic.

The beginning of the Christian calendar is thus deeply anchored in the Jewish tradition.

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