Alpine Ligurian

Italo-Romance family

Royasque or alpine Ligurien is the terms used in France to call the speeches not occitans at base Génoise (Zeneise).
Foot-note: not to confuse
:
  • the ligure people, populates having lived from Marseilles to Genoa before the arrival of the Romans and,
  • the language ligurienne synonymous with language génoise as well on the coastal strip as in the interior (Xeneixe, regione di Liguria).

In the the Alpes-Maritimes 5 communes of the high valley of the Roya: Breil-on-Roya, Fontan, Saorge, Aspires to It and Tende presents for the linguists Pierre Bec and Jean-Philippe Dalbera of the speeches mainly transitional Ligurians with the occitan. One characterizes them like the alpine, i.e. an interior alternative near to génois or coastal Ligurian of the 16th century. From the geography, they are in natural and direct communication with the low valley of Roya, ligurienne it also (in Italy) and with its Ventimiglia main city.
The language is characterized by the passage of B+L, G+L, C+L, F+L with and, whereas in occitan we find the conservation of the first element + L or only the passage of L with j.

The linguistic border is relatively tight with the maritime villages occitans alpine (soalpine speeches called or gavots maritime) bordering in the west on Moulinet, Sospel, Castillon and Castellar. On the other hand, 2 following cities: Chin and Roquebrune-Cape Martin have a speech mainly Vivaro-alpine type maritime (falls of - T and - intervocalic D Latin, first nobody in - O, conjugations occitanes, conservation of the consonant finales jonl and jorn for commun runs day of the country of Levens (the Alpes-Maritimes) to Briançon (department of Hautes-Alpes), maintains of - L and - become final L - L, - R or amuïs but never extensions, maintain plurals) with light a " coloration" ligurienne by the presence of some words Ligurians (limited lexicon) and the maintenance of the medieval finales occitanes still sound ( O lob for O lop , O fueg for O fuec ). The series of words Ligurians is very limited and refers only to one vocabulary specialized ( istade for estiu , be; doublets has will carriera or O carroge for the street ).

Comparison between Ligurian of the west and occitan The origin of the infuences liguriennes in Menton and Roquebrune is explained by two factors:

  • their membership of the Principality of Monaco until 1860. The language of the people being at the same time, the occitan (mentonnais and roquebrunois) and the Monegasque (itself tinted of occitan). there
  • the statute of coastal town with Menton and Roquebrune with trained an important immigration of Piedmontese ground populations and liguriennes come to seek travail.
Mentonnais taken in " sandwich" between Monaco figoune wedges and Ventimiglia remained connected to the whole of the grounds occitanes by north and the west: Turbie, Gorbio, maritime Sospel speaking occitan alpine (or gavot maritime) announcing the interior gavot already high Spangle or about Vésubie. In addition, there exist isolates figoun : Monaco (13-14th, Malizia Grimaldi seizes the castle of Monaco) and those disappeared from Biot, Vallauris, Mons and Escragnoles (17th). had with repopulations Ligurians, these villages being devastated by the wars of religion and the peste.
  • maximalist linguists:

For Werner Forner, Roya is ligurienne and it of in the same way for the south of the country mentonnais which was occitanisé postérieurement.
That is disputed by others estimating that the south of the country mentonnais is occitan and that it is the same for the Royasque with hybrid features.

to in addition note that Piedmontese influences are perceptible in the speech of Tende rather similar to the precedents.

See

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