Alphonse Ier of Portugal

Alphonse I|1 er of Portugal , more known by its name of prince Alphonse Henriques , (born in 1109, traditionally the July 25th, with Guimarães, died the December 6th 1185 with Coimbra) is the son of Henri of Burgundy and Therese de León.

He was the first king of Portugal of 1139 with 1185, and the father inter alia Sanche {{Rom|I|1}} {{er}} of Portugal, its successor with the throne.

Antecedents

At the end of the 11th century, the Iberian policy was very influenced by the Reconquista: the expulsion of the State Moor, successor of the Caliphate of Cordoue. As the military aristocracy was worried by the Croisades, Alphonse {{Rom|VI|6}} of Castille called for the aid the French nobility to deal with the Moors. In exchange, Alphonse VI|6 the hand of his/her daughters gave the chiefs of forwarding and great royal privileges with the others.

Thus the heiress Urraque de Castille Maria with Raymond of Burgundy, second wire of the duke of Burgundy. The half-sister of Urraque, the princess Therese de León, illegitimate girl of Alphonse VI|6 , married Henri of Burgundy, the uncle of Raymond.

By this alliance, Henri became count de Portugal, a difficult stronghold in the north of Castille where the attacks and the incursions of the Moors were frequent. From this marriage was born Alphonse Henriques (Henriques means “wire of Henri”).

Its life

The father of Alphonse Henriques , Henri of Burgundy, died when Alphonse Henriques was three years old. Alphonse Henriques of Burgundy inherited the county of Portugal by his mother, Therese, girl of Alphonse VI of León and Castille, but not of the duchy of Burgundy that his/her father, second in the succession, had not obtained.

Having seized the power of his/her mother and sound " party galicien" after the battle of São Mamede (1128), Alphonse became the only governor, de facto , of the county of Portugal. In 1139, after the battle of Ourique, he is proclaimed king de Portugal and is recognized in such quality by Alphonse VII of León and Castille by the treaty of Zamora, in 1143. In 1146, Alphone Henriques married Mathilde of Savoy. De Mathilde of Savoy, it had seven children of which Sanche {{Rom|I|1}} {{er}} of Portugal, its successor. He died the December 6th 1185 with Coimbra.

Facts

Born with Coimbra, Alphonse Henriques was perhaps high with Guimarães where he lived until in 1128. He was politically opposed, in 1128, under the direction of the archbishop of Braga, with his mother who supported the party of the Travas, family of the nobility of Galicia of which one of the members was the lover of Therese, his mother. The archbishop, forced to emigrate took along infant it with him. Infant was armed knight in 1122. After peace, it returned to the Comté of Portugal.

Meanwhile, of new incidents caused the invasion of the county by the king Alphonse {{Rom|VII|7}} of Castille which, in 1127, encircled Guimarães where Alphonse Henriques was, in order to take advantage of its rights on the county of Portugal, vassal of the kingdom of Castille. Alphonse VII|7 profited from the support of his/her illegitimate half-sister with whom it disputed the right to transmit the titles of the county, which was to remain in the royal families of Leòn and Castille.

As Alphonse Henriques had promised fidelity to him, Alphonse {{Rom|VII|7}} renonça to conquer the city. But a few months later, in 1128, the troops carried out by the countess regent Therese de León met those of his/her Alphonse son, and it is the latter which carried it and thus devoted its authority on the Portuguese territory by taking the government of the county.

The count then concentrated his efforts to obtain the Holy See the total autonomy of the Church of Portugal and the recognition of independence towards king de Castille. In 1139, after a bright victory at the time of the Battle of Ourique against the Moors, Alphonse Henriques was acclaimed first king de Portugal by his troops. the first documents where Alphonse is entitled king date, precisely, of 1139-1140. Before its title princeps was (prince).

The following year it reaffirmed its claims on the southernmost part of the Galicia. What made react Alphonse {{Rom|VII|7}} of Castille. The two armies met in Arcos de Valdevez. The fate of the weapons was decided in a tournament gained by the Portuguese knights.

According to the tradition, independence was confirmed later, with the the Cortes de Lamego when the king accepted hands of the archbishop of Braga the gold crown and precious stones of Portugal as successor of the kings Visigoths (although recent studies question the meeting of these Cortes). The recognition of independence by the family of Castille came in 1143. She would be due to the ambition of Alphonse {{Rom|VII|7}} to become emperor on all the Iberian peninsula, and for this reason it needed kings like vassal in Leòn and Portugal).

Consequently, Alphonse I|1 er of Portugal sought to consolidate independence. It made important gifts with the Church and founded various convents. It tried to conquer ground in the South on the Moors and took Santarém in 1146 and Lisbon in 1147. In the depopulated areas reconquered on the Arabs, it installed colonists and invited the military religious orders like the Templiers and the Hospitaliers to be settled along the borders like defenders against the Moors. In 1179, the Pope Alexandre {{Romanian|III|3}}, by its bubble Manifestus probatum , recognized Portugal like country independent and vassal of the Church with the proviso of paying him a tribute.

Chronology

  • 1109 July 25th: Birth of Alphonse Henriques, future Alphonse I|1 er Henriques, king de Portugal.
  • 1112 November 1st: Death of Henri of Burgundy, count de Portugal
  • 1122: Alphonse Henriques is armed knight.
  • 1127 : Sit of Guimaraes where Alphonse Henriques was locked up.
  • 1128 : Battle of São Mamede. Defeat of Therese of Portugal and end of its regency.
  • 1139 July 25th: Victoire d' Alphonse Henriques on the Moors with Ourique
  • 1139 July 27th: Troops of Alphonse I|1 er Henriques proclaim it king of Portugal.
  • 1143 : Recognition of the kingdom of Portugal by the Castille.
  • 1146 : Marriage of Alphonse I|1 er Henri with Mathilde of Savoy
  • 1146: Conquest of Santarem on the Moors.
  • 1147 : Conquest of Lisbon on the Moors.
  • 1179 : Publication of the bubble of the pope Alexandre {{Romanian|III|3}} recognizing Portugal like independent country.
  • 1185 December 6th: Death of Alphonse I|1 er Henriques, king of Portugal with Coimbra.

Ascent

Descent

Of its marriage with the queen Mathilde of Savoy it had the following children:

See too

Sources and Bibliography

  • Books of the History , nº November 12th, th and th 1961
  • Universal History - Encyclopedia of the Pleiad
  • Large encyclopedic Larousse

Internal bonds

  • King of Portugal of 1139 with 1185
  • the article in Wikipédia English
  • the article in Wikipédia Portuguese

External bonds

  • Portuguese Site Genealogia

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