Alphasyllabaire

A alphasyllabaire (or semi-spelling-book or abugida ) is a whole of signs used to represent the Phonème S of a Langue. Located halfway between a Spelling-book and a Alphabet, it consists of signs representing of the Syllabe S equipped with a vowel by defect and other signs, often additional, modifying, substitute or removing this Voyelle by defect.

Theory

One can explain this principle of operation for a fictitious example: that is to say a consonant graphème given in a alphasyllabaire, noted K . This graphème is normally read like a syllable made up of a consonant (here /k/) followed vowel by defect (in our example, a /a/). If one wants to write /ka/, it is thus enough to a single sign K . To write /ki/, however, it will be necessary to resort to a sign annexes added to the graphème K : K + I . To write /k/ only (in a group of consonants, for example, at the end of the word…), a third sign is necessary, which notes the absence of the vowel by defect (signed represented in our example by * ): K + * . Such a sign is often named hauling (name Sanskrit which it carries in the writings of India) or ─ less convincing ─ killer (translation of hauling ) and one says that the consonant “is dévoyellée”. Lastly, to write /i/ without the support of a consonant, one needs a fourth sign, that of a /i/ independent (noted I in our example). If one recapitulates:
  • K = /ka/;
  • Ki = /ki/;
  • K* = /k/ (thus, to write /kma/, it is necessary to pass by K*M );
  • İK = /ika/;
  • İK* = /ik/;
  • İKi = /iki/, etc

For final, one needs four different signs ( K , I , * and I ) where, in an alphabet, three are necessary ( K , has and I ).

It will be noted that sometimes the character division does not correspond with French syllabic cutting. For example when R precedes another consonant by a grouping of consonants in Devanagari, he is written with the other consonants of the grouping, in the same character. French would place this R as a - R final in the preceding syllable, and other cases in the Indian brahmic writings exist for the slips of consonants starting with L .

Example in devanāgarī

One can illustrate this operating process for the same examples written in a alphasyllabaire like the Devanāgarī:
  • K = /ka/ =;
  • Ki = /ki/ =
  • K* = /k/ = (with the sign of Hauling subscribes)
  • K*M = /kma/ =;
  • İK = /ika/ =;
  • İK* = /ik/ =;
  • İKi = /iki/ =, etc

One notes in the passing several features characteristic of the alphasyllabaires:

  • the vowels according to a consonant are really treated like Diacritiques, from where a placement not following inevitably the reading order; thus, Ki is written in fact i+K , with, that one does not confuse with İK thanks to the use of the independent vowel;
  • the dévoyellée consonant K , as it is the case for many others, takes a particular form when it is directly followed of a consonant (here in K*M ): . It is said that it with the joint Forme and the hauling is not noted; elsewhere, it is marked simply by the hauling : .

List alphasyllabaires

It should be noted that much from alphasyllabaires derive from writings used in the Langues of India (like the brāhmī or the Devanāgarī) and that it is in this area of the sphere that one finds the most alphasyllabaires different:
  • the Ahom, extinct language Thai, used a alphasyllabaire probably derived from the brāhmī;
  • the Amharique, language Ethiopia, does not use a alphasyllabaire very slightly derived from the Guèze;
  • the Baybayin, pre-colonial writing of the Tagalog;
  • the writing of the bengālī, based on the brāhmī;
  • the Burmese uses a alphasyllabaire derived from the Devanāgarī;
  • the brāhmī, prototype of a considerable number of alphasyllabaires used in India and South Asia;
  • the Cingalais has a alphasyllabaire;
  • the Devanāgarī, downward of the brāhmī, being used to write inter alia the Sanskrit, the pāli, the modern hindī… ;
  • the Grantha noted formerly the Sanskrit
  • the Guèze, alphasyllabaire of the extinct Ethiopian language of the same name, whose light modifications are used to note a certain number of modern languages of Ethiopia and Érythrée in particular the Amharique and the Tigrinya. Its first four signs were in addition used to form the term “abugida”;
  • the gujarātī uses a alphasyllabaire derived from the devanāgarī;
  • the gurmukhī is used to note the penjābi;
  • the Inuktitut has a alphasyllabaire derived from the Canadian Syllabaires autochtones;
  • the alphasyllabaire of the Kannara, going down from the brāhmī;
  • the Khmer alphabet , going down from the brāhmī;
  • the Laotian alphabet , descendant him also of the brāhmī;
  • the malayāḷaṃ still uses a alphasyllabaire going down there from the brāhmī;
  • the Mandombe, alphasyllabaire négro-African;
  • the Méroïtique, extinct language not yet deciphered, seems to use a alphasyllabaire derived from the Hiéroglyphe S Egyptians;
  • the oṛiya, one of the many descendants of the brāhmī;
  • the Canadian Syllabaires autochtones are in fact of the alphasyllabaires;
  • the tamiḻ, derived from the brāhmī;
  • the tĕlugu, derived from the brāhmī;
  • the Thai alphabet , probable going down from the Khmer alphabet;
  • the Tibetan uses a alphasyllabaire based on the devanāgarī;
  • the Tigrinya, one of the official languages of the Érythrée, has a alphasyllabaire based on the Guèze.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Omniglot, list of alphasyllabaires

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