All Saints\' day

See also: All Saints' day (homonymy)

The All Saints' day is a catholic festival , celebrated on November 1st, during which are honoured the unit with the Saint S recognized by the Roman Catholic church. All Saints' day precedes one day the Fête of dead the, whose solemnity officially was fixed at the November 2nd two centuries after the creation of All Saints' day.

Origin

All Saints' day, like the majority of the great liturgical festivals, does not draw its origin from the biblical texts. At the 5th century, the monks who évangélisaient Ireland, Great Britain and Gaulle were confronted with the religious holiday of Samain, at the beginning of current November, which marked the beginning of the dark half of the year. During the days of Samain, the world of alive communicated with that of the gods on the symbolic system plan. This festival was the occasion of ritual druidic, banquets and drinking bouts. These ritual, deeply anchored in rural civilization, perdurèrent well after the christianization of the populations. After the " transformation" the Pantheon of Rome in Christian sanctuary, the Pape Boniface IV devoted it to the Mother of God and all the saints martyrs. A “festival of all the martyrs” was then celebrated on May 13rd. Towards 830, the pope Gregoire IV transferred this festival to November 1st, by extending it to “all the saints”. On his council, the emperor Louis the Piles instituted the festival of all the saints on all the territory of the empire Carolingien. Dedicated to All the Holy , i.e. with the whole of the people whom the Church recognizes worthy of a worship because of their exemplary life and of their proximity with the divine one, it should not be confused with the memorandum of all late, the Fête of Dead the, celebrated the following day, which is a heritage of the monastic readings of the “roller of late”: mention of the brothers of an abbey or an order at the birthday day of their death, inaugurated by Odilon, in the Abbey of Cluny to the VIII °siècle.

However, owing to the fact that All Saints' day, contrary to November 2nd, is one bank holiday the use established to commemorate deaths on November 1st instead of the 2, as testifies it the multi-secular tradition to candles and candles lit in the cemeteries and, since the 19th century, fleurissement of the tombs at All Saints' day (event represented particularly well in table " Toussaint" of the painter Emile Friant).

The construction of tens of lanterns of dead the (for some of true masonry works) in various localities of France (mainly in the Massif Central and adjacent grounds, as in Brittany) if it cannot be considered as the survival of a Celtic worship to the ancestors testifies to the attraction of these pertaining to worship forms near the contemporaries.

Related articles

External bonds

  • Complete records over All Saints' day, official gate of the catholic liturgy
  • Congress in Brussels in 2006

Sources

  • Christian-J. Guyonvarc' H and Francoise the Russet-red, Celtic Festivals , Ouest-France University, coll “Of memory of man: history”, Rennes, 1995.

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