Alkylation
The alkylation is a Chemical reaction consisted of the transfer of a grouping Alkyle of a organic molecule to another. It thus leads to the increase in the number of Atome S of Carbone of an organic compound.
During a traditional process of Refining of oil, the reactions of alkylation combine Oléfine S of weak molecular Mass (mixture of Propylène and Butylène) with Isobutane in the presence of a Catalyseur, generally the sulphuric Acid or the hydrofluoric Acid . The product of the reaction, named alkylate , is composed of a mixture of Hydrocarbure S with ramified chains of high Number octane. Alkylate is one of the principal components of the fuels because it have exceptional anti-knock properties, and because its combustion is clean. The octane number of alkylate depends mainly on the nature of the Oléfine S used and the operating conditions. The Iso-octane, resulting from the reaction of isobutane and the Butylene, has an octane number of 100 per definition.
In organic synthesis, the reaction of the most common alkylation is the alkylation of Friedel-Crafts, during which a grouping Alkyle replaces the one of the atoms of Hydrogène of a aromatic Composé according to an aromatic mechanism of Substitution électrophile.
See too
-
Refining of aromatic oil
- Substitution électrophile
- Méthylation
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