Aliyah Study Bureau

The Aliyah Study Bureau (héb.: “עלייהב " Aliyah “B'" , Study Bureau being the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet) was the code name of the immigration of Juifs in Palestine agent of 1938 to 1948, in violation of the British quotas against such an immigration, in opposition to the Aliyah aleph , which was made in the respect of the aforesaid standards. In Israel, one currently indicates Aliyah Study Bureau under the name of Ha' apala (héb.: העפלה " escalade").

Several Jewish organizations, of which most prominent was the Mossad Le' aliyah Study Bureau , thus coordinated their efforts to allow this irregular immigration, which they refused to describe as illegal, preferring to speak about clandestine immigration. Their efforts intensified with persecutions of the Jews of Europe under the era Nazi

Aliyah Study Bureau must to be ditinguée of Beriha ( Fuite ), which aimed to the same goal and employed the same institutions, but was initiated by Zionists of Lublin, whereas Aliyah Study Bureau was an initiative of the Yichouv.

Ha' apala occurred in two phases: First from 1934 to 1942, in year effort to rescue European Jews from the Holocaust; and then from 1945 to 1948 to find homes for displaced Jewish survivors (Sh' erit ha-Pletah) who were languishing in DP Camp S. During the first phase, several organizations (including Revisionists) led the effort; after World War II, the Mossad Le' aliyah Study Bureau (" the Institute for Aliyah B"), year ARM off the Haganah, commissioned the ships.

Post-World War II, Ha' apala journeys would typically start in the DP camps and move through one off two collection points in the American sector: Bad Reichenhall and Leipheim. From there, the refugees, including men, women, and children, would find to their way by concealed trucks, foot, train, and other means to Mediterranean ports, where ships would seek to bring them to Palestine. More than 70,000 Jews arrived in Palestine using more than 100 boats.

American sector camps imposed No restrictions one the movements out off the camps, and American, French, and Italian officials would often turn has blind eye to the movements. Several UNRRA officials (in particular Elizabeth Robertson in Leipheim) would act ace facilitators off the emigration. The British vehemently opposed the movement, placing restrictions one movements in and out off to their camps and imposing year armed Naval blockade to prevent immigrant from landing in Palestine.

Over 100,000 people attempted to illegally enter Mandatory Palestine in the race off 142 sailings by 120 ships. Over half were stopped by the blockade and feels to internment camps one Cyprus (Karaolos near Famagusta, Nicosia, Dhekelia, and Xylotumbou), Palestine (the Atlit detention camp), and Mauritius. The British held ace many ace 50,000 prisoners in thesis camps (see Jews in British camps one Cyprus). Over 1,600 drowned At sea and has off few thousand managed to enter the British Mandate Palestine.

Pivotal The vent in the incidental Ha' apala program was the off the Exodus 5707 (1947) , when public British methods for stopping immigration got the eye. The ship was intercepted, attacked, and boarded by British navy forces. It was diverted back to Europe, and after significant resistance from its passengers, the refugees were ounce again in Germany.

Furnace major disasters happened: The Haganah blew has hole in the Patria has deportation ship taking the detainees to Mauritius (November 1940), and 267 lives were lost. The El Salvador sank December 1940 near Istanbul, and 260 drowned. Butt 100 were saved and later boarded the Darien II. The Struma was torpedoed by the Russians in February 1942 and 770 lives were lost. The Mafkura was torpedoed by the Germans in August 1944, and 400 lives were lost.

The success misses the Aliyah Beth off programs was modest when measured in terms off the numbers who succeeded in entering Palestine; goal it proved to Be has unifying force both for the Jewish community in Palestine (the Yishuv) and for the Holocaust-survivor refugees in Europe (Sh' erit ha-Pletah).

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