Ali rear-Wrinkled

Abû Hassan `Ali Ben Mûsâ rear-Ridhâ or Imâm `rear-Ridhâ Ali (Arab: rear RTL أبوالحسنعليبنموسىالرضا),
known in Iran under the name of `Ali pesar Mûsâ Rezâ or Emam Rezâ (Persan: RTL F علیپسرموسیرضا)
(born about on January 1st, 766 with Médine - died September 5th 818 with Keep silent) was the eighth Imam Chiite Duodécimain and alaouite.

History

Its childhood

`Rear-Ridhâ Ali, wire of the seventh imâm Mûsâ Al-Kâzim, was born in Médine one month after death from his/her grandfather Ja' far have-Sâdiq. His/her father died poisoned in his prison by the Caliph Abbasside Hârûn rear-Rachid in 799, `rear-Ridhâ Alî was then 35 years old.

Its reign

As the preceding imâms `rear-Ridhâ Alî began his reign while remaining in the shade, to undertake religious and scientific studies, in Médine, to protect itself from the repression of the Abbasids. Hârûn rear-Rachid prohibited, in vain, with the médinois to visit him and to follow its teaching.

With died of Hârûn rear-Rachid, her two sons were fought for the control of the Abbasid empire. The first Al-Amîn, wire of Zubayda bint Ja `far little girl of the caliph Al-Mansûr had the support of Arabic while the second Al-Ma' mûn, of Persian mother had the support of Persians. Al-Amîn succeeded his/her father in 809. There was a war between the two brothers applicants with the Abbasid throne until the death of Al-Amîn in 813.

The new Abbasid caliph Al-Ma' mûn seemed to change policy with regard to the Shiites. He thought that Persians were favorable to the Hachémites and asked for the support of `rear-Ridhâ Alî. He invited it to come to join him with Merv. In 818, `rear-Ridhâ Ali joined Al-My `mûn, leaving in Médine only his/her son Muhammad At-Taqî and his wife. The marks of honor which the caliph gave to `rear-Ridhâ Ali caused movements of hostility on behalf of notable Arabic.

Al-Ma ' mûn indicated `rear-Ridhâ Alî like successor in the hope to reconcile the Shiites. This succession was to take place only if `rear-Ridhâ Alî survived Al-Ma' mûn. This last changed the color of the flag leaving the black, color of the Abbasids in green color of Alides. Disorders took place in all Iraq in opposition to Al-Ma' mûn and its policy of alliance with the Shiites. `Rear-Ridhâ Ali warned Al-Ma' mûn on the choice of its governor of Iraq which carried out these disorders.

`Rear-Ridhâ Alî did not survive Al-Ma' mûn. The caliph remained in Tus to collect itself on the tomb of his father. During this stay `rear-Ridhâ Alî died of Dysenterie after having eaten much grape. The Shiites claim that the grape had been poisoned by Al-Ma' mûn. It was buried beside the tomb of Hârûn rear-Rachid, the murderer of her father.

After its death

The Shiites built a mausoleum celebrating martyr (rear RTL مشهد, machhad; place where died a martyr ) of `rear-Ridhâ Ali. This mausoleum became the center of Mashhad, the new capital of Khorasan. The pilgrimage became extraordinary extensive because `rear-Ridhâ Ali is only the imâm Shiite buried on the Iranian territory and that since the Islamic revolution in Iran (1979), the holy places of the Shiism in Iraq remained inaccessible to Iranian as well as the holy places located in Saudi Arabia.

Fatima, the sister of `rear-Ridhâ Ali is buried with Qom, which makes of it the second place of pilgrimage in Iran.

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